Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers (한국농공학회논문집)

The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers (한국농공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Strength Characteristic for Bottom Ash Mixtures as Mixing Ratio and Curing Methods

Bottom Ash와 혼합재료의 혼합비 및 양생방법에 따른 강도특성 분석

  • 최우석 (서울대학교 조경.지역시스템공학부 대학원) ;
  • 손영환 (서울대학교 조경.지역시스템공학과, 서울대학교 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 박재성 (서울대학교 조경.지역시스템공학부 대학원) ;
  • 노수각 (서울대학교 조경.지역시스템공학부 대학원) ;
  • 봉태호 (서울대학교 조경.지역시스템공학부 대학원)
  • Received : 2013.04.22
  • Accepted : 2013.05.14
  • Published : 2013.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Bottom Ash is industrial by-product from a thermoelectric power plant. An immense quantities of bottom ash have increased each year, but most of them is reclaimed in ash landfill. In this study, in order to raise recycling rate of Bottom Ash, it is suggested to cure Bottom Ash (BA) mixtures mixed with cement, lime, Fly Ash (FA), and oyster shell (OS). Mixtures of 5~20 % mixing ratio had been cured for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days using sealed curing and air-dry curing method. Unconfined compressive strength test was conducted to determine strength and deformation modulus ($E_{50}$) change for mixtures as mixing ratio and curing day, water contents of mixtures were measured after test. As a result, strength and $E_{50}$ were increased as mixing ratio and curing days, but values and tendencies of them appeared in different as kind of mixture, mixing ratio, curing method, and curing days. The results showed the addition of cement, lime, Fly Ash, and oyster soil in Bottom Ash could improved strength and $E_{50}$ and enlarge its field of being used.

Keywords

References

  1. American Society for Testing and Materials, 2011. C 156-11 Standard Test Method for Water Loss [from a Mortar Specimen] Through Liquid Membrane-Forming Curing Compounds for Concrete. ASTM.
  2. American Society for Testing and Materials, 2012. C 618-12 Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete. ASTM.
  3. Awang, A. R., A. Marto, and A. M. Makhtar, 2012. Morphological and strength properties of tanjung bin coal ash mixtures for applied in geotechnical engineering work. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 2(2): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijait.2012.2105
  4. Cheriaf, M., J. C. Rocha, and J. Pera, 1999. Pozzolanic properties of pulverized coal combustion bottom ash. Cement and concrete research 29(9): 1387-1391. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00098-8
  5. Choi, W. S., J. S. Park, S. K. Noh, T. H. Bong, and Y. H. Son, 2012. Changes in characteristics of breaking and particle as compaction energy. The 2012 KSAE Annual Conference (in Korean).
  6. Chun, B. S., Y. I. Koh, M. Y. Oh, and H. S. Kwon, 1990. Studies on engineering properties of coal ash obtained as industrial wastes. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers 10(1): 115-124 (in Korean).
  7. Standard specification of civil engineering, 2005. Korean Society of Civil Egineers, 195-199, Korea (in Korean).
  8. Huang, W. H., 1990. The use of bottom ash in highway embankments, subgrades, and subbases, Purdue University.
  9. Jaturapitakkul, C., and R. Cheerarot, 2003. Development of bottom ash as pozzolanic material. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 15(1): 48-53. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:1(48)
  10. Jeong, W. S., 2007. The effect of cement content on the strength of cemented Nak-Dong river sand. Ph.D. diss., Kyungpook University (in Korean).
  11. Jo, B. W., J. K. Koo, and S. K. Park, 2005. Hardening characteristics of fly ash and bottom ash paste by alkaline activation. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers 25(2A): 289-294 (in Korean).
  12. Kang, H. S., and Y. T. Kim, 2011. Shear and CBR characteristics of dredge soil-bottom ash-waste tire powder-mixed lightweight soil. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 25(3): 34-39 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5574/KSOE.2011.25.3.034
  13. Kim, B. J., and M. Prezzi, 2008. Compaction characteristics and corrosivity of Indiana class-F fly and bottom ash mixtures. Construction and Building Materials 22(4): 694-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.09.007
  14. Kim, C. W., S. S. Park, K. Y. Kim, and H. S. Choi, 2009. Effect of different curing methods on the unconfined compressive strength of cemente sand. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 29(5C): 207-215 (in Korean).
  15. Kim, H. J., and Y. T. Kim, 2006. Compressive behaviors of reinforced lightweight soil using waste fishing net. Journal of Korean Geotechnical Society 22(11): 25-35 (in Korean).
  16. Kim, J. Y., and U. K. Sin, 1977. Studies on the effect of water content, curing temperature and grain size distribution of soils on unconfined compressive strength of soil-cement mixtures (II). Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 19(2): 4403-4416 (in Korean).
  17. Kim, K. Y., H. G. Park, and J. S. Jeon, 2005. Strength characteristics of cemneted sand and gravel. Journal of Korean Geotechnical Society 21(10): 61-71 (in Korean).
  18. Kim, S. C., and S. H. Lee, 2005, Strength characteristics of cement-mixed soil. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 47(3): 49-56 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2005.47.3.049
  19. Kim, S. G., 2007. A study on engineering characteristics of soil-cement. Master's Thesis, Chonnam National University (in Korean).
  20. Kim, Y. T., and T. H. Do, 2012. Effect of bottom ash particle size on strength development in composite geomaterial. Engineering Geology 139-140: 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.04.012
  21. Kim, Y. T., C. Lee, and H. I. Park, 2011. Experimental study on engineering characteristics of composite geomaterial for recycling dredged soil and bottom ash. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 29(1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2010.514237
  22. Korea Standard, 2001. KS F 2312 : Test method for soil compaction using a rammer (in Korean).
  23. Korea Standard, 2001. KS F 2314 : Method for unconfined compression test of soils (in Korean).
  24. Korea Standard, 2007. KS F 2329 : Testing method for making curing of soil-cement compression and flexure test specimens in the laboratory (in Korean).
  25. Korea Standard, 2007. KS F 2346 : Testing method for unconsoildated, undrained strength of cohesive soils in triaxial compression (in Korean).
  26. Kuk, K. K., H. Y. Kim, and B. S. Chun, 2010. A study on the engineering characteristics of power plant coal ash. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 11(5): 25-34 (in Korean).
  27. Kumar, S., and P. Vaddu, 2004. Time dependent strength and stiffness of PCC bottom ash-bentonite mixtures. Soil & Sediment Contamination 13(4): 405-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/10588330490465996
  28. Lee, C. T., 1995. An outline of waste treatment. Moonjisa (in Korean).
  29. Lee, W. J., M. J. Lee, S. K. Choi, and S. J. Hong, 2006. Changes of undrained shear behavior of sand due to cementation. Journal of Korean Geotechnical Society 22(4): 85-94 (in Korean).
  30. Lee, Y. H., 2008. A study on the utilization of bottom ash as a substitute material for sand in vertical drain. Master's degree, Hanyang University (in Korean).
  31. Lizcano, M., A. Gonzalez, S. Basu, K. Lozano, and M. Radovic, 2012. Effects of water content and chemical composition on structural properties of alkaline activated metakaoline based geopolymers. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 95(7): 2169-2177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05184.x
  32. Marto, A., K. A Kassim, A. M. Makhtar, L. F. Wei, and Y. S. Lim, 2010. Engineering characteristics of Tanjung bin coal ash. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 15: 1117-1129.
  33. Mindess, S., J. F. Young, and D. Darwin, 2008. Concrete. Pearson press, Jeong, Y. S., J. G. Kim, S. H. Choi, J. D. Ha, and H. G. Park (translator), 2003. Donghwa technology publishing.
  34. Park, E. Y., S. D. Choi, J. M. Kim, and J. H. Kim, 1995. A study on the admixture stabilization of domestic coal ashes as the fill material. Journal of Korean Geotechnical Society 11(2): 37-50 (in Korean).
  35. Park, J. S., W. S. Choi, T. W. Kim, and Y. H. Son, 2012. Evaluation of environmental stability and geochemical properties of coal combustion products. The 2012 KSAE Annual Conference (in Korean).
  36. Rogbeck, J., and A. Knutz, 1996. Coal bottom ash as light fill material in construction. Waste Management 16(1): 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(96)00035-9
  37. Shin, W. G., D. S. Lim, and B. S. Chung, 2010. A study on self-hardening characteristics of coal ash by mixing ratio of fly ash and bottom ash. Journal of Korean Geo-Environmental Society 11(6): 85-91 (in Korean).
  38. Sim, J. G., 1998. A line of policy for recycling wastes. Journal of The Korean Society for Environmental Education 11(1): 7-20 (in Korean).
  39. Song, C. S., and S. Y. Lim, 2002. Mechanical characteristics of reinforced soil (I). Journal of Korea society of Environmental Restoration Technology 5(6): 9-13 (in Korean).
  40. Yu, C., and P. W. Chang, 2001. Influence of mixing conditions on the strength of solidified sandy soils with cement. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 43(6): 135-142 (in Korean).

Cited by

  1. The Electrical Properties and Unconfined Compression Strength of Bottom Ash vol.56, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2014.56.1.021
  2. Sensitivity Analysis of Soil Properties for the Slope Safety Factor in Embankments utilized Bottom Ash and Dredged Soil Mixture vol.57, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2015.57.1.099
  3. Changes in Shear Strength of Bottom ash through the Particle Breakage vol.57, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2015.57.6.099
  4. Breakage Index and Changes in Permeability of Bottom Ash for Use as Fill Material vol.57, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2015.57.6.107