Journal of the Geological Society of Korea (지질학회지)

The Geological Society of Korea (대한지질학회)
권호 표지

Miocene Crustal Deformation, Basin Development, and Tectonic Implication in the Southeastern Korean Peninsula

한반도 남동부 마이오세 지각변형, 분지발달 그리고 지구조적 의미

  • 손문 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 송철우 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 김민철 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 천영범 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 정수환 (한국지질자원연구원 석유가스자원연구실) ;
  • 조형성 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 김홍균 (한국건설기술연구원 Geo-인프라연구실) ;
  • 김종선 (부산대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 손영관 (경상대학교 지구환경과학과)
  • Published : 2013.02.28
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Abstract

Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks in SE Korea are divided into the Hyodongri Volcanics, Beomgokri, Janggi, and Yeonil groups in ascending order. The Hyodongri Volcanics are a dacitic-andesitic volcanic complex which locally erupted in the earliest stage of crustal deformation due to East Sea opening in the Late Oligocene. The Beomgokri and Janggi groups are redefined as volcanogenic rocks composed of dacitic and basaltic materials, respectively, and the intercalated terrestrial sediments that are filling the basins extended due to vigorous crustal deformation during the Early Miocene. The Beomgokri Group is conformably overlain by the Janggi Group. The Yeonil Group refers to non-volcanic terrestrial to marine sediments which accumulated in the Pohang Basin and the nearby areas east of the Yeonil Tectonic Line (YTL) because of rapid migration of depocenter at about 17 Ma. During the Early Miocene crustal deformation, parallelogram-shaped pull-apart basins formed between NNW-trending principal displacement zones (PDZs), accompanied with clockwise horizontal block rotation, northwestward block tilting, and southwestward propagating rifting. At about 17 Ma, the realm of crustal deformation in SE Korea expanded suddenly toward the west and the north because of the activation of YTL, resulting in dramatic change of depositional environment and the extension of the wedge-shaped pull-apart basins such as the Pohang and Ulsan basins. The YTL and the western border fault of the Pohang Basin, which intersect obliquely about $50^{\circ}$ in Bomun area, are the westernmost limit of the Miocene crustal deformation in SE Korea. Kinematic models for the East Sea opening include bar-door and pull-apart models. All the features of the Miocene crustal deformation in SE Korea reasonably support the latter. They also indicate that the NNW-trending faults like the YTL acted as the PDZs rather than the NNE-trending Yangsan Fault under a consistent dextral simple shear. At about 16 Ma, the collision of Philippine Sea Plate and the southwesternmost part of Japanese Islands caused a tectonic inversion from tensional to compressional stress regime in East Asia. This inversion resulted in the compositional change of basaltic magma at about 15 Ma, from subalkali to alkali, and the crustal uplift in SE Korea, which subsequently caused the cessation of sedimentation in the basins at about 10 Ma.

한반도 남동부의 제3기 화산암류와 퇴적암류는 하위로부터 효동리화산암류, 범곡리층군, 장기층군 그리고 연일층군으로 구분된다. 효동리화산암류는 동해확장으로 인해 한반도 남동부에 발생한 지각변형 초기에 국지적으로 분출한 올리고세 말의 데사이트-안산암질 화산복합체이다. 범곡리와 장기층군은 전기 마이오세 동안 동해안가를 따라 발생한 활발한 지각신장으로 만들어진 분지들을 충전하는 암석들로 각각 데사이트질과 현무암질 물질을 포함하는 지층들 그리고 각각에 수반된 육성 퇴적층으로 재정의되며, 전자는 후자에 의해 정합적으로 피복된다. 연일층군은 17 Ma 경에 갑작스런 퇴적중심의 이동으로 만들어진 포항분지와 그 이남의 연일구 조선 동편 연변을 따라 퇴적된 비화산성 육성과 해성 퇴적암류를 총칭한다. 전기 마이오세 동안 한반도 남동부에는 북북서 방향의 주변위대를 가지는 평행사변형꼴 당겨열림분지의 생성과 함께 지괴의 수평회전운동, 북서향 지괴 경동 그리고 분지의 확장축이 북동에서 남서쪽으로 파고드는 전파열개 과정을 겪었다. 약 17 Ma에 이르러 연일구조선이 운동하기 시작하여 한반도 남동부의 지각변형의 범위가 갑자기 서쪽과 북쪽으로 확대되어 퇴적중심과 환경의 급작스런 변화가 발생하였으며, 포항분지와 울산분지로 대표되는 쐐기형 당겨열림분지가 만들어졌다. 연일구조선과 포항분지의 서편 경계단층은 경주시 보문지역에서 약 $50^{\circ}$ 각도로 사교하며, 이들 단층은 한반도 남동부의 마이오세 지각변형의 여러 특징들을 규제하는 최서단 경계선이다. 동해의 확장은 크게 부채꼴식 확장과 당겨열림 확장으로 구분되는데, 한반도 남동부의 지각변형 특징들은 동해의 당겨열림 확장을 지지한다. 전기와 중기 마이오세 초의 지각변형은 동해의 남북 내지 북북서-남남동 방향의 확장으로 인해 대륙 연변에 가해진 지속적인 우수향 단순전단력에 의해 발생하였으며, 양산단층 운동과는 무관하게 연일구조선을 포함하는 북북서 방향의 주변위대들의 우수향 주향이동단층운동에 의해 주도되었다. 동아시아 일원에는 약 16 Ma에 북상하던 필리핀해판과 일본열도 남서부의 충돌로 인하여 인장응력에서 압축응력으로 지구조 응력반전이 발생하였으며, 약 15 Ma에는 한반도 남동부도 그 영향 하에 놓이게 되어 현무암질 마그마가 비알칼리에서 알칼리 계열로 변화되고, 압축 응력장 하에서 분지들이 전반적으로 융기되기 시작하여 약 10 Ma에는 퇴적활동이 종결된 것으로 결론지어진다.

Keywords

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