Particle and aerosol research (한국입자에어로졸학회지)

Korean Association for Particle and Aerosol Research (한국입자에어로졸학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Ventilation Type on the Trajectory of Coughed Particles in a Hospital Ward

실내환기 방식이 재채기 토출입자의 거동특성에 미치는 영향

  • Kwon, Soon-Bark (Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI)) ;
  • Song, Ji-Han (Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI)) ;
  • Cho, Young-Min (Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI)) ;
  • Jeong, Woo-Tae (Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI)) ;
  • Park, Duck-Shin (Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI))
  • 권순박 (한국철도기술연구원 에코시스템연구실) ;
  • 송지한 (한국철도기술연구원 에코시스템연구실) ;
  • 조영민 (한국철도기술연구원 에코시스템연구실) ;
  • 정우태 (한국철도기술연구원 에코시스템연구실) ;
  • 박덕신 (한국철도기술연구원 에코시스템연구실)
  • Published : 2013.06.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

One of purposes in this study was to confirm the behavior of coughed particles under different ventilation conditions. Three types of ventilation systems were applied for this experiment and the properties of coughed particles were measured using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in an intensive care unit. The changes of total airborne particles for each case showed different trends according to the ventilation type and time, but the deposited particles were similar in all conditions. Although the time taken for 50% of the particles to be deposited was the fastest in case 2, the portion of deposited particles after 300 seconds was only 5% in all conditions. In case 1, a relatively small number of particles were deposited on the wall, but the particle exhaust and deposition on the occupants were the highest. In case 3, the downward ventilation was applied as that recommended by the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and showed different exhaust efficiencies according to the particle size.

Keywords

References

  1. Balocco, C., (2011). Hospital ventilation simulation for the study of potential exposure to contaminants, Building Simulation, 4, 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-011-0019-6
  2. Balocco, C. and Lio, P., (2011). Assessing ventilation system performance in isolation rooms, Energy and Buildings, 43, 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.09.020
  3. Chao, C.Y.H. et al., (2009). Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening, Journal of Aerosol Science, 40, 122-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.10.003
  4. Cole, E.C. and Cook, C.E., (1998). Characterization of infectious aerosols in health care facilities: An aid to effective engineering controls and preventive strategies, American Journal of Infection Control, 26, 453-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-6553(98)70046-X
  5. Curtis, L.T., (2008). Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions, Journal of Hospital Infection, 69, 204-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2008.03.018
  6. Gralton, J. et al., (2011). The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: A review, Journal of Infection, 62, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2010.11.010
  7. Gupta, J.K. et al., (2009). Flow dynamics and characterization of a cough, Indoor Air, 19, 517-525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00619.x
  8. Johnson, G.R. et al., (2011). Modality of human expired aerosol size distributions, Journal of Aerosol Science, 42, 839-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.07.009
  9. Kwon, S.-B. et al., (2012). Study on the initial velocity distribution of exhaled air from coughing and speaking, Chemosphere, 87, 1260-1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.032
  10. Kwon, S.-B. and Kim, C. (2010). Review of recent studies on the airborne infection, Particle and Aerosol Research, 6, 81-90.
  11. Lim, T. et al., (2010). The predictions of infection risk of indoor airborne transmission of diseases in high-rise hospitals: Tracer gas simulation, Energy and Buildings, 42, 1172-1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.02.008
  12. Morawska, L. et al., (2009). Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities, Journal of Aerosol Science, 40, 256-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.11.002
  13. Olsen, S.J. et al., (2003). Transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on Aircraft, New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 2416-2422. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa031349
  14. Papineni, R.S. and Rosenthal, F.S., (1997). The Size Distribution of Droplets in the Exhaled Breath of Healthy Human Subjects, Journal of Aerosol Medicine, 10, 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1089/jam.1997.10.105
  15. Park, C.-W., Yoon, Y.-H., and Hwang, J. (2012). A study on the situation and development for the antimircobial technologies of bioaerosol, Particle and Aerosol Research, 6, 69-80.
  16. Qian, H. et al., (2008). Dispersion of exhalation pollutants in a two-bed hospital ward with a downward ventilation system, Building and Environment, 43, 344-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.03.025
  17. Qian, H. et al., (2006). Dispersion of exhaled droplet nuclei in a two-bed hospital ward with three different ventilation systems, Indoor Air, 16, 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00407.x
  18. Sze To, G.N. et al., (2009). Experimental Study of Dispersion and Deposition of Expiratory Aerosols in Aircraft Cabins and Impact on Infectious Disease Transmission, Aerosol Science and Technology, 43, 466-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820902736658
  19. Sze To, G.N. et al., (2008). A methodology for estimating airborne virus exposures in indoor environments using the spatial distribution of expiratory aerosols and virus viability characteristics, Indoor Air, 18, 425-438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00544.x
  20. Wan, M.P. et al., (2007). Dispersion of Expiratory Droplets in a General Hospital Ward with Ceiling Mixing Type Mechanical Ventilation System, Aerosol Science and Technology, 41, 244-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820601146985
  21. Zhao, B. et al., (2005). Numerical study of the transport of droplets or particles generated by respiratory system indoors, Building and Environment, 40, 1032-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.09.018
  22. Zhu, S. et al., (2006). Study on transport characteristics of saliva droplets produced by coughing in a calm indoor environment, Building and Environment, 41, 1691-1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.06.024