Korean journal of odor research and engineering (실내환경 및 냄새 학회지)

Korea Society of Odor Research and Engineering (한국냄새환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Distribution characteristics of odorous compounds concentrations according to type of pig buildings

돈사(豚舍) 유형에 따른 악취 물질의 농도 분포 특성

  • Kim, Ki Youn (Department of Industrial Health, Catholic University of Pusan) ;
  • Choi, Jeong-Hak (Department of Environmental Engineering, Catholic University of Pusan)
  • 김기연 (부산가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 최정학 (부산가톨릭대학교 환경공학과)
  • Published : 2013.03.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An objectives of this study is to investigate indoor concentrations of 22 odorous compounds, which are regulated by the domestic act, emitted from pig buildings through on-site visit per month from July, 2011 to June, 2012. Of 22 odorous compounds, the highest concentration was found in ammonia with ppm unit, followed by hydrogen sulfide, methyl ethyl ketone, propionic acid and butylic acid with ppb unit of approximate hundred level. The other odorous compounds were detected below ppb unit of approximate ten level. A remarkable finding is that there is no pig building which showed the airborne levels of five aldehyde- based odorous compounds (acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and i-valeraldehyde). In general, indoor concentrations of odorous compounds in pig buildings were higher in scraper type than slurry type based on pig manure collection system and higher in enclosed type than winch-curtain type based on ventilation mode, respectively. In temporal distribution of odorous compounds, their concentrations in summer season (June to August) when ventilation rate in pig building decreased relatively were generally higher than those in winter season (December to February) when ventilation rate in pig building is relatively high. The seasons of spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) showed middle levels of odorous compounds between summer and winter.

본 연구는 2011년 7월부터 2012년 6월까지 총 1년 기간 동안 매월 현장 방문 조사를 통해 돈사 유형에 따른 현행 국내 악취 규제 대상 22가지 물질들의 월별 및 계절별 실내 농도 분포 현황을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 조사대상 돈사 유형 및 측정 시점에 상관없이 악취 물질별 실내 농도 수치는 ammonia가 ppm 수준으로 측정되어 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 다음으로 황계열 물질 중 hydrogen sulfide, 휘발성 유기화합물 중 methyl ethyl ketone, 지방산류 중 propionic acid와 butylic acid가 백단위 수준의 ppb로 측정되었으며, 나머지 물질들은 십단위 수준의 ppb로 측정된 것으로 분석되었다. 22가 악취 물질 중 알데히드류 5가지 물질들(acetaldehyde, propionalde-hyde, butyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, i-valeraldehyde)은 어떠한 측정 시점에서도 검출되지 않은 것으로 조사되었다. 전반적인 악취 물질들의 돈사 유형별 분포 현황은 분뇨 처리 형태 측면에서는 스크레퍼>슬러리>컨베이어, 환기 방식 측면에서는 무창>윈치의 농도 분포 양상을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 월별 및 계절별 농도 추이 측면에서는 돈사 환기율이 감소하는 겨울철(12~1월)이 돈사 환기율이 상대적으로 높은 여름철(6~8월)보다 돈사 내부의 악취 물질 농도가 높게 형성됨을 알 수 있었고, 봄철(3~5월)과 가을철(9~11월)은 유사한 수준인 것으로 조사되었다. 본 측정 결과에 근거를 두면 22가지 악취 물질들 모두 돈사 유형, 월별, 계절별 간 농도 수치의 편차가 상당히 높은 것으로 분석되었는데, 이는 현장 조사 특성상 측정 당일의 다양한 주변 환경 요인들의 변화에 의한 결과로 추정된다. 본 연구의 제한점으로는 돈사 악취 발생 강도를 결정하는 주요 인자인 온도와 상대습도를 동시에 모니터링하지 못한 점이고, 이로 인해 돈사 실내의 온/습도와 악취 물질 농도간의 통계적 상관관계를 본 연구에서는 규명할 수 없었다. 따라서 향후에는 돈사 악취 원인 물질들의 발생 농도와 돈사 내부의 온도 및 상대습도 간 상관성을 파악하기 위한 추가 연구가 요구되는 바이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Chang, C. W., Chung, H., Huang, C. F., Su, H. J. J., 2001. Exposure assessment to airborne endotoxin, dust, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in open style swine houses. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 45, 457-465.
  2. Crook, B., Robertson, J. F., Glass, S. A., Botheroyd, E. M., Lacey, J., Topping, M. D., 1991. Airborne dust, ammonia, microorganisms, and antigens in pig confinement houses and the respiratory health of exposed farm workers. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 52, 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298669191364721
  3. Duchaine, C., Grimard, Y., Cormier, Y., 2000. Influence of building maintenance, environmental factors, and seasons on airborne contaminants of swine confinement buildings. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 61, 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984515
  4. Gay, S. W., Schmidt, D. R., Clanton, C. J., Janni, K. A., Jacobson, L. D., Weisberg, S., 2003. Odor, total reduced sulfur, and ammonia emissions from animal housing facilities and manure storage units in Minnesota. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 19, 347-360.
  5. Gustafsson, G., 1999. Factors affecting the release and concentration of dust in pig houses. Journal of Agricultural and Engineering Research 74, 379-390. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1999.0476
  6. Hartung, J., Hilliger, H. G., 1984. Odour characterization in animal houses by gas chromatographic analysis on the basis of low temperature sorption. Applied Science Publishers 561-578.
  7. Hartung, J., Phillips, V. R., 1994. Control of gaseous emissions from livestock buildings and manure stores. Journal of Agricultural and Engineering Research 57, 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1994.1017
  8. Hartung, J., Rokicki, E., 1984. The occurrence of phenolic compounds in the dust of pig and hen houses. Agricultural Environment 26, 431-439 .
  9. Kim, K. Y., Ko, H. J., Lee, K. J., Park, J. B., Kim, C. N., 2005. Temporal and spatial distribution of aerial contaminants in an enclosed pig building in winter. Environmental Research 99, 150-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2004.10.004
  10. Koerkamp, P. W. G., Metz, J. H. M., Uenk, G. H., Phillips, V. R., Holden, M. R., Sneath, R. W., Short, J. L., White, R. P., Hartung, J., Seedorf, J., Schroder, M., Linkert, K. H., Pederson, S., Takai, H., Johnsen, J. O., Wathes, C. M., 1998. Concentrations and emissions of ammonia in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. Journal of Agricultural and Engineering Research 70, 79-95. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1998.0275
  11. Kulik, A., 1996. Europe cultivates organics treatment. World Wastes 39, 37-40.
  12. Kuroda, K., Osada, T., Yonaga, M., 1995. Emissions of malodorous compounds and greenhouse gases from composting swine feces. Bioresource Technlogy 56, 265-271.
  13. Ministry of Environment., 2004. Study on emission characteristics and reduction mechanism of odor from livestock buildings.
  14. National Institute of Environmental Research., 2007. Standard method of odor compounds.
  15. Ni, J. Q., Heber, A. J., Lim, T. T., Diehl, C. A., Duggirala, R. K., Haymore, B. L., Sutton, A. L., 2000. Ammonia emission from a large mechanically ventilated swine building during warm weather. Journal of Environmental Quality 29, 751-758.
  16. Tanaka, H., Kuroda, K., Osada, T., Yonaga, M., Suzuki, M., Inaba, M., 1991. Aerial VFA in livestock houses and animal waste treatment facilities. Animal Science and Technology 62, 955-962.
  17. Yasuhara, A., Fuwa, K., Jimbu, M., 1984. Identification of odorous compounds in fresh and rotten swine manure. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 48, 3001-3010. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.48.3001
  18. Yasuhara, A., Fuwa, K., Jimbu, M., 1984. Identification of odorous compounds in fresh and rotten swine manure. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 48, 3001-3010. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.48.3001
  19. Zhang, L., Chuang, F., Cole, M. A., 1992. A simple chemical assay for estimating compost maturity. ASA Annual Meeting.