Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
권호 표지

Seasonal Variation of the Phytoplankton Community and Physico-chemical Factors of Dong-stream in Jeollanam-do

전라남도 동천의 식물플랑크톤 군집 및 환경요인의 계절적 변이

  • Published : 2013.03.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the physio-chemical water quality and the standing crop of the phytoplankton of Dong-stream in Jeollanam-do from May 2010 to Feb 2011. The indicators and the dominant species of phytoplankton were also measured to investigate the water quality of estuary. Nutrients turned out to be eutrophic to hypertrophic in most sites with total nitrogen ranging 1.023~10.743 mg/L and total phosphorous ranging 0.0182~1.6848 mg/L. The site D6 had the highest BOD ranging 0.6~7.5 mg/L. Total of 205 taxa appeared within the research period, Bacillariophyceae being the highest number of taxa. The appeared species were taxa resistant to pollution including Navicula pupula, N. subminuscula, Nitzschia amphibia and N. palea. The downstream is thought to be greatly affected by the ocean water since marine and estuary phytoplankton such as Skeletonema costatum, Coscinodiscus radiatus, Bacteriastrum delicatulum and Eucampia biconcave appeared. Diatom appeared mainly as dominant species including Cymbella minuta, Melosira varians, Gomphonema parvulum, Stephanodiscus hantzschii. As for Stephanodiscus hantzschii, it dominates during fall and winter when the water temperature drops. Diatom showed 50% or higher dominant rate in all seasons at most sites. Most sites turned out to be eutrophic based on the standing crop of cells and chlorophyll a concentration. Total of 15 polluted water indicating taxa including Oscillatoria limosa appeared. From this result, the Dong-stream was considered to be in the eutrophication.

Keywords

References

  1. Carlson, R. E. (1977). A Trophic Status Index for Lakes, Limnology and Oceanography, 22, pp. 361-369. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1977.22.2.0361
  2. Cho, H. K., Jung, M. H., Kim, G. M., Shim, S. S., and Lee, H. Y. (2010). Dynamics of Phytoplankton and Periphyton in Gwangju Stream, Korean Journal Environmental Biology, 28(2), pp. 69-78. [Korean Literature]
  3. Chung, J. (1993). Illustration of the Freshwater Algae of Korea, Academy Publishing Company, Seoul, pp. 496. [Korean Literature]
  4. Chung, Y. H. (1968). Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea vol. 9 Freshwater Algae, The Ministry of Education, Korea, pp. 573. [Korean Literature]
  5. Ettl, H., Gartner, G., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H., and Mollenhauer, D. (1991). Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Band 2/4, Bacillariophyceae, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 437.
  6. Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H., and Mollenhauer, D. (1986). Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Band 2/1, Bacillariophyceae, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 876.
  7. Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H., and Mollenhauer, D. (1988). Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Band 2/2, Bacillariophyceae, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 596.
  8. Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H., and Mollenhauer, D. (1991). Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Band 2/3, Bacillariophyceae, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 576.
  9. Forsberg, C. and Ryding, V. H. (1980). Eutrophication Parameters and Trophic State Indices in 30 Swedish Waste-Receiving Lakes, Archives of Hydrobiology, 89, pp. 189-207.
  10. Greenberg, A. E., Clesceri, L. S., and Eaton, A. N. (2000). Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st. ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., USA.
  11. Harper, D. (1992). Eutrophication of Freshwater; Principles, Problems and Restoration, Chapman and Hall, London. U. K, pp. 327.
  12. Hellawell, J. M. (1986). Biological Indicators of Freshwater Pollution and Environmental Management, Elsevier Applied Science publishers, pp. 546.
  13. Hirose, H. M., Akiyama, T., Imahori, K., Kasaki, H., Kumano, S., Kobayasi, H., Tajahashi, E., Tsumura, T., Hirano, M., and Yamagishi, T. (1977). Illustrations of the Japanese Freshwater Algae, Uchidarokakuho Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, pp. 932.
  14. Horne, A. J. and Goldman, C. R. (1994). Limnology, McGraw-Hill, Inc. New york, pp. 457-475.
  15. Hwang, S. J., Kim, N. Y., Won, D. H., An, K. K., Lee, J. K., and Kim, C. S. (2006). Biological Assessment of Water Quality by Using Epilithic Diatoms in Major River Systems (Geum, Youngsan, Seomjin River), Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 22(5), pp. 784-795. [Korean Literature]
  16. James, A. (1979). The Value of Biological Indicators in Relation to Other Parameters of Water Quality, Biological Indicators of Water Quality, A. James and L. Evison (eds), John Wiley and Sons, N.Y., pp. 1-16.
  17. Jang, S. G. and Cheong, C. J. (2010). Seasonal Characteristics of Seawater Quality in the Suncheon Bay, Korean Wetlands Society, 12(2), pp. 47-57. [Korean Literature]
  18. Jimenez, F. J., Bautista, R. B., and Rodriguez, V. (1987). Relations between Chlorophyll, Phytoplankton Cell Abundance and Biovolume During a Winter Bloom in Mediterranean Costal Water, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 105, pp. 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(87)90169-9
  19. Jung, S. W., Lee, J. H., and Hue, H. K. (2004). Environmental Studies in the Lower Part of the Han River VI, the Statistical Analysis of Eutrophication Factors, Korean Society of Limnology, 37(1), pp. 78-86. [Korean Literature]
  20. Jung, S. W., Lee, J. H., and Yoo, J. S. (2003). Environmental Studies of the Lower Part of the Han River V, Blooming Characteristics of Phytoplankton Communities, Algae, 18(4), pp. 255-262. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2003.18.4.255
  21. Kim, B. M. (2009). Characteristics of Water Quality in Suncheon Bay, Master's Thesis, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Korea, pp. 62. [Korean Literature]
  22. Kim, D. K., Jeong, K. S., and Whigham, P. A. (2007). Winter Diatom Blooms in a Regulated River in South Korea: Explanations Based on Evolutionary Computation, Freshwater Biology, 52, pp. 2021-I2041. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01804.x
  23. Kim, H. S. (2012). The Dynamic of Phytoplankton Community in Unmun Dam, Korean Society of Limnology, 45(2), pp. 232-241. [Korean Literature]
  24. Kim, O. J. and Lee, O. M. (2011). Phytoplankton Community and the Evaluation of Water Quality Status in So-ok Stream, Inflowing Stream to Daechung Lake, Korean Society of Limnology, 44(2), pp. 113-128. [Korean Literature]
  25. Kim, S. Y., Jung, K. K., Kim, B. M., Lee, Y. G., Choi, Y. S., and Kim, S. (2008). Geochemical Characteristics in the Costal Wetland and Intertidal Zone of Suncheon Bay, Korean Wetlands Society, 10(2), pp. 81-96. [Korean Literature]
  26. Kim, Y. J. (2003). Dynamics of Phytoplankton Community in Youngsan River, Algae, 18(3), pp. 207-215. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2003.18.3.207
  27. Kim, Y. J. (2004). Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of an Epilithic Algal Community in the Hantan River, Algae, 19(1), pp. 15-22. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2004.19.1.015
  28. Kim, Y. J. and Lee, O. M. (2010). The Phytoplankton Community of Namdae-Stream, Yeongok-Stream and of Sacheon-Stream in Gangwon-do, Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, 20(3), pp. 281-297. [Korean Literature]
  29. Kim, Y. J., Shin, K. A., and Lee, O. M. (2009). Water Quality Assessed by DAIpo and TDI of Bokha Stream and Dal Stream in South-Han River, Korean Journal Environmental Biology, 27(4), pp. 414-424. [Korean Literature]
  30. Kwon, K. Y., Kim, J. K., Hong, G. E., Seong, K. B., Lee, C. H., and Moon, C. H. (2005). Variation of Phytoplankton and Nutrients in the Namdaechon Estuary, Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, 38(1), pp. 55-56. [Korean Literature]
  31. Kwon, K. Y., Lee, P. G., Park, C., Moon, C. H., and Park, M. O. (2001). Biomass and Species Composition of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Along the Salinity Gradient in the Seomjin River Estuary, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, 6(2), pp. 93-102. [Korean Literature]
  32. Kwon, K. Y., Moon, C. H., Yang, H. S., Yang, S, R., and Song, H. S. (2001). Changes in Marine Environment and Primary Production due to Freshwater Input in the Nakdong Estuary, Algae, 16(2), pp. 165-177. [Korean Literature]
  33. Larsson, U. and Hagatrom, A. (1982). Fractionated Phytoplankton Primary Production in Baltic Eutrophication Gradient, Marine Biology, 67, pp. 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397095
  34. Lee, O. M., Yoo, M. S., Lee, B. I., and Lim, A. S. (2008). The Distribution and Standing Crop of Phytoplankton at the Estuaries of Galgok Stream and Incheon River in Jeollanamdo, Algae, 23(4), pp. 257-268. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2008.23.4.257
  35. Lee, Y. H. and Yang, J. S. (1997). 500-days Continuous Observation of Nutrients, Chlorophyll Suspended Solid and Salinity in the Keum Estuary, Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography, 2(1), pp. 201-210. [Korean Literature]
  36. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2010). Investigation of Estuary Ecosystem-Dong Stream in Suncheon, Beolgyo Stream in Boseong, Sajung Stream and Dohwa Stream in Goheung, Dohwa Stream, Korea, pp. 694. [Korean Literature]
  37. NIER Water Information System. (2010). http://water.nier.go.kr. [Korean Literature]
  38. No, K. H., Kim, J. H., and Chung, Y. C. (1991). Species Composition and Dynamics of Phytoplankton Community in Dong Cheon and Isa Cheon flowed into Suncheon Bay, Korean Society of Limnology, 24(3), pp. 153-163. [Korean Literature]
  39. Odete, T. and Yanada, M. (1993). Phytoplankton Carbon Biomass Estimated from the Size-Fractionated Chl-a Concentration and Cell Density in the Northern Costal Wasters from Spring Bloom to Summer, Bulletin of the Plankton Society of Japan, 39, pp. 127-144.
  40. Palmer, C. M. (1980). Algae and Water Pollution, Castle Publication Ltd., UK, pp. 213.
  41. Park, J. C., Park, J. W., Kim, D. H., Shin, J. K., and Lee, H. M. (2005). A Comparative Study of Trophic State in Lake Andong, Korean Society of Limnology, 38(1), pp. 95-104. [Korean Literature]
  42. Patrick, R. and Reimer, C. W. (1975). The Diatoms of the United States, Exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, pp. 213.
  43. Prescott, G. W. (1962). Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area, Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Germany, pp. 976.
  44. Reynolds, C. S. (1984). The Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 384.
  45. Shin, S. K., Baek, K. H., and Song, M. K. (2002). The Evaluation for Maximum Chl. a Site Observed in the Mid to Lower Nakdong River, Korean Society of Limnology, 35(1), pp. 21-27. [Korean Literature]
  46. Shin, Y. K. and Kim, Y. G. (2002). Ecology Studies on the Asan Reservoir. 2, Phytoplankton Community Structure, Korean Society of Limnology, 35(3), pp. 187-197.
  47. Shin, Y. S. and Jun, S. H. (2002). Ecological Studies on the Asan Reservoir. 1, Physicochemical Chracteristics and Trophic Status, Korean Society of Limnology, 35(3), pp. 181-186. [Korean Literature]
  48. Shin, Y. S., Lee, C. H., Cho, K. A., and Song, E. S. (2005). Trends of Phytoplankton Community and Water Quality and Implications for Management in Estuarine River Systems, Korean Society of Limnology, 38(2), pp. 160-180. [Korean Literature]
  49. U. S. EPA. (1995). Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan Guidance for Programs Using Community-Level Biological Assessment in Stream and Wadeable Rivers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of water, Washington, D.C. EPA 841-B-95-004.
  50. Watanabe, T. (1962). On the Biotic Index of Water Pollution Based upon the Species Number of Bacillariophyceae in the Tokoro River in Hokkaido (in Japanese), Japanese Journal of Ecology, 12, pp. 216-222.
  51. Whitton, B. A. (1979). Algae & Higher Plants as Indicators of River Water Quality, Chap. 5, Biological Indicators of Water Quality, A. James and L. Evison (eds.), John Wiley and Sons, USA. pp. 5:1-34.
  52. Yang, J. R. and Dickman, M. (1993). Diatom as Indicators of Lake Trophic Status in Central Ontario, Canada, Diatom Research, 8, pp. 179-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1993.9705249