Protective Effects of SAPP, a Novel Herbal Complex, in Acute Hepatotoxic Mouse Model

  • Lee, Geum Seon (College of Pharmacy and Institute of Chronic Disease, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Lee, Ki Man (College of Pharmacy and Institute of Chronic Disease, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Kim, Seung Hyun (College of Pharmacy and Institute of Chronic Disease, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Jeong, Nam-Joo (Pharmaceutical Research Lab. PharmaKing Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Young-Jung (Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Jung, Ju-Young (Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kang, Tae Jin (College of Pharmacy and Institute of Chronic Disease, Sahmyook University)
  • Received : 2013.03.27
  • Accepted : 2013.05.18
  • Published : 2013.06.30

Abstract

The protective effect of SAPP, an extract from a novel herbal complex, on acute liver injury was investigated using mouse animal model in this study. The content of total phenol in SAPP was increased at dose dependent manner. Consistent with the content of total phenol, SAPP showed the significant anti-oxidative effects on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Acute liver injury was induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in mouse. Treatment with SAPP significantly reduced the level of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum. Histological observation revealed that whereas D-GalN treated mouse showed vacuolization of hepatocytes, sinusoidal dilation and congestion, loss of cell boundaries and ballooning degeneration, loss of architecture and cell necrosis, treatment with SAPP improved D-GalN-induced liver injury. These results suggest that SAPP shows protective effects against D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo acute mouse model.

Keywords

References

  1. Al-Anati, L., Essid, E., Reinehr, R., and Petzinger, E., Silibinin protects OTA-mediated TNF-alpha release from perfused rat livers and isolated rat Kupffer cells. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 53, 460-466 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200800110
  2. Choi, H.J., Han, M.J., Baek, N.I., Kim, D.H., Jung, H.G., and Kim, M.J., Hepatoprotective effects of Brassica rapa (Turnip) on Dgalactosamine induced liver injured rats Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 37, 258-265 (2006).
  3. Choi, J.H., Kim, D.W., Yun, N., Choi, J.S., Islam, M.N., Kim, Y.S., and Lee, S.M., Protective effects of hyperoside against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. J. Nat. Prod. 74, 1055-1060 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/np200001x
  4. Choi, W.S., Kim, C.J., Park, B.S., Lee, S.E., Takeoka, G.R., Kim, D.G., Lanpiao, X., and Kim, J.H. Inhibitory effect on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and protective effect on CCl(4)-induced hepatic damage of HEAI extract. J. Ethnopharmacol. 100, 176-179 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.037
  5. Gordon, M.H., Paiva-Martins, F., and Almeida, M., Antioxidant activity of hydroxytyrosol acetate compared with that of other olive oil polyphenols. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 2480-2485 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000537w
  6. He, C.S., Yue, H.Y., Xu, J., Xue, F., Liu, J., Li, Y.Y., and Jing, H.E., Protective effects of capillary artemisia polysaccharide on oxidative injury to the liver in rats with obstructive jaundice Exp. Ther. Med. 4, 645-648 (2012).
  7. Hikino, H., Kiso, T., Yaguchi, H., and Ikeya, Y., Antihepatotoxic actions of lignoids from Schizandra chinensis fruits. Planta Med., 50, 213-218 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969681
  8. Ip, S.P., Poon, M.K., Wu, S.S., Che, C.T., Ng, K.H, Kong, Y.C., and Ko, K.M., Effect of schizandrin B on hepatic glutathione antioxidant system in mice: protection against carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Planta Med. 62, 398-401 (1995).
  9. Jayaraj, R., Deb, U., Bhaskar, A.S., Prasad, G.B., and Rao, P.V. Hepatoprotective efficacy of certain flavonoids against microcystin induced toxicity in mice. Environ. Toxicol. 22, 472-479 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20283
  10. Kim, A.R., Zou, Y.N., Park, T.H., Shim, K.H., Kim, M.S., Kim, N.D., Kim, J.D., Bae, S.J., Choi, J.S., and Chung, H.Y., Active components from Artemisia iwayomogi displaying ONOO(-) scavenging activity. Phytother. Res. 18, 1-7 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1358
  11. Kim, D.W., Cho, H.I., Kim, K.M., Kim, S.J., Choi, J.S., Kim, Y.S., and Lee, S.M. Isorhamnetic-3-O-galactoside protects against $CCL_4$-in duced hepatic injury in mice. Biomol. Ther. 20, 406-412 (2012). https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.406
  12. Lee, Y.M., Lee, K.S., and Kim, D.K., Aqueous extract of Schizandra chinesis suprressed dextran sulfate sodium-induced generation of IL-8 and ROS in the colonic epithelial cell line HT-29. Nat. Prod. Sci. 15, 185-191 (2009)
  13. Lee, T.Y., Chen, F.Y., Chang, H.H., and Lin, H.C., The effect of capillarisin on glycochenodeoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis and heme oxygenase-1 in rat primary hepatocytes. Mol. Cell Biochem. 325, 53-59 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-008-0019-8
  14. Li, X.H., Zhang, W.J., Qi, H.Y., and Shi, Y.P., Phenolic constituent of Phellodendron chinense Bark. Can. J. Chem. 87, 1218-1221 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1139/V09-112
  15. Li, W., Sun, Y.N., Yan, X.T., Yang, S.Y., Choi, C.W., Kim, E.J., Kang, H.K., and Kim, Y.H., Chemical constituents from the bark of Phellodendron amurense and their cytotoxic effects on HL-60 human leukemia cells. Nat. Prod. Sci. 18, 250-253 (2012).
  16. Maeda, S., Sudo,M., Miyamoto, Y., Takeda, S., Shinbo, M., Aburada, M., Ikeya, Y., Taguchi, H., and Harada, M., Pharmacological studies on schizandra fruits. II. Effects of constituents of schizandra fruits on drugs induced hepatic damage in rats. Yakugaku Zasshi, 102, 579-588 (1982).
  17. Mak, D.H., Ip, S.P., Li, P.C., Poon, M.K., and Ko, K.M., Effects of schizandrin B and alphatocopherol on lipid peroxidation, in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Cell Biochem. 165, 161-165 (1996).
  18. Marzouk, M.S., El-Toumy, S.A., Moharram, F.A., Shalaby, N.M., and Ahmed, A.A., Pharmacologically active ellagitannins from Terminalia myriocarpa. Planta Med. 68, 523-527 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-32549
  19. Park, E.J., Nan, J.X., Kim, J.Y., Kang, H.C., Choi, J.H., Lee, S.J., Lee, B.H., Kim, S.J., Lee, J.H., Kim, Y.C., and Sohn, D.H., The ethanolsoluble part of a hot-water extract from Artemisia iwayomogi inhibits liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 52, 875-881 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357001774561
  20. Seeff, L.B., Lindsay, K.L., Bacon, B.R., Kresina, T.F., and Hoofnagle, J.H., Complementary and alternative medicine in chronic liver disease. Hepatology 34, 595-603 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2001.27445
  21. Seo, K.S. and Yun, K.W., Antioxidant activities of extracts from Artemisia capillaries Thunb. and Artemisia iwayomogi Kitam. used as Injin. Korean J. Plant Res. 21, 292-298 (2008).
  22. Tsai, T.H., Huang, C.T., Shum, A.Y., and Chen, C.F., Simultaneous blood and biliary sampling of esculetin by microdialysis in the rat. Life Sci. 65, 1647-1655 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00413-0
  23. Wang, J.H., Choi, M.K., Shin, J.W., Hwang, S.Y., and Son, C.G., Antifibrotic effects of Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia iwayomogi in a carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatic fibrosis animal model. J. Ethnopharmacol. 140, 179-185 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.007
  24. Whang, H.J., Han, W.S., and Yoon, K.R., Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content in apple. Analytical Sci Technol 14, 377-383 (2001).
  25. Yuan, L., Wang, J., Xiao, H., Xiao, C., Wang, Y., and Liu, X., Isoorientin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HepG2 cancer cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 265, 83-92 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.09.022
  26. Zhao, Y., Lee, S.H., Huh, J., Ra, J.C., and Sohn, D.H., Hepatoprotective effects of Alnus japonica extract on experimental liver injury models. Yakhak Hoeji 56, 99-107 (2012).