Inhibition Effect of Testosterone Metabolism of Some Natural Products Containing Yacon and their Ameliorative Effect of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Symptom

야콘을 포함한 수종 천연물의 남성호르몬 대사 억제효과 및 전립선비대 증상 개선효과

  • Park, Jeong Sook (College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • You, Gun Dong (College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Seo, Se Min (College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Han, Sang-Bae (College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Hong, Jin Tae (College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Han, Kun (College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2013.03.09
  • Accepted : 2013.08.22
  • Published : 2013.08.31

Abstract

We reported previously that the extracts of Yacon tuber and leaf have spermatogenic activity and testosterone level increasing effect in men. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of testosterone level increasing effect of Yacon tuber and leaf extracts. In this study, we found that Yacon leaf extracts and chlorogenic acid, a constituent of Yacon extracts showed significantly inhibition effect of testosterone degradation in rat liver homogenate. We suggest that this could be a part of direct mechanism about increasing effect of testosterone level. Futhermore, we evaluated the inhibition effect of testosterone metabolism of Torilis japonica and Coix lacryma-jobi have been reported as $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibitor. The inhibition ratio of testosterone metabolism of these were Torilis japonica>Coix lacryma-jobi>Yacon. We also evaluated the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) score with the preparation composed of these natural product, Yacon pill. It showed the decreased the BPH score in men. Rats with BPH showed significantly increased dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in the serum; however, Yacon pill extracts treated rats showed significant reduction of DHT levels compared with the BPH group. Conclusively, Yacon pill showed the possibility as ameliorable agents of BPH symptoms.

Keywords

References

  1. Aybar, M. J., Snchez Riera, A. N., Grau, A. and Snchez, S. S. : Hypoglycemic effect of the water extract of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) leaves in normal and diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharm. 74, 125 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00351-2
  2. Habib, N. C., Honor, S. M., Genta, S. B. and Snchez, S. S. : Hypolipidemic effect of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) roots on diabetic rats: Biochemical approach. Chem. Biol. Interact. 194, 31 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2011.08.009
  3. Yan, X., Suzuki, M., Ohnishi-Kameyama, M., Sada, Y., Nakanishi, T. and Nagata, T. : Extraction and identification of antioxidants in roots of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). J. Agric. Food Chem. 47, 4711 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981305o
  4. Simonovska, B., Vovk, I., Andrenek, S., Valentov, K. and Ulrichov, J. : Investigation of phenolic acids in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) leaves and tubers. J. Chromatography A 1016, 89 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01183-X
  5. Goto, K., Fukai, K., Hikida, J., Nanjo, F. and Hara, Y. : Isolation and structural analysis of oligosaccharides from yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia). Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59, 2346 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.2346
  6. Park, J. S., Hwang, S. Y., Hwang, B. Y. and Han, K. : The spermatogenic effect of 50% ethanol extracts of Yacon and Its ameliorative effect against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced testicular toxicity in the rat. Nat. Prod. Sci. 14, 73 (2008).
  7. Park, J. S., Hwang, S. Y. and Han, K. : The spermatogenic effect of 50% ethanol extracts of Yacon in healthy male volunteers. YakhakHoeji 53, 250 (2009).
  8. Hiipakka, R. A., Zhang, H. Z., Dai, W., Dai, Q. and Liao, S. : Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of human 5alphareductases by polyphenols. Biochem. Pharmacol. 63, 1165 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(02)00848-1
  9. Sun, J., Xiang, H., Yang, L. L. and Chen, J. B. : A review on steroidal 5$\alpha$-reductase inhibitors for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Curr. Med. Chem. 18, 3576 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2174/092986711796642517
  10. Pumthong, G., Asawanonda, P., Varothai, S., Jariyasethavong, V., Triwongwaranat, D., Suthipinittharm, P., Ingkaninan, K., Leelapornpisit, P. and Waranuch, N. : Curcuma aeruginosa, a novel botanically derived 5$\alpha$-reductase inhibitor in the treatment of male-pattern baldness: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Dermatolog. Treat. 23, 385 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3109/09546634.2011.568470
  11. Bach, D., Schmitt, M. and Ebeling, L. : Phytopharmaceutical and synthetic agents in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Phytomedicine. 3, 309 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(97)80001-3
  12. Park, W. S., Son, E. D., Nam, G. W., Kim, S. H., Noh, M. S., Lee, B. G., Jang, I. S., Kim, S. E., Lee, J. J. and Lee, C. H. : Torilin from Torilis japonica, as a new inhibitor of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase. Planta Med. 69, 459 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39717
  13. Choi, S. M., Kim, C. D., Lee, M. H., Choi, Y. H., Rang, M. J., Ahn, H. J. and Yun, Y. P. : Screening of 5$\alpha$-reductase inhibition and comedolytic effects from natural products. Yakkak Hoeji 43, 342 (1999).
  14. Lu, X., Liu, W. and Luo, C. : Apoptotic effect of coix polysaccharides on A549 lung cancer cells in vitro. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 15, 624 (2012).
  15. Chen, H. J., Hsu, H. Y. and Chiang, W. : Allergic immuneregulatory effects of adlay bran on an OVA-immunized mice allergic model. Food Chem Toxicol. 50, 3808 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.011
  16. Chung, C. P., Hsia, S. M., Lee, M. Y., Chen, H. J., Cheng, F., Chan, L. C., Kuo, Y. H., Lin, Y. L. and Chiang, W. : Gastroprotective activities of adlay (Coix lachryma -jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) on the growth of the stomach cancer AGS cell line and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59, 6025 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2009556
  17. Chen, Q. X., Miao, J. K., Li, C., Li, X. W., Wu, X. M. and Zhang, X. P. : Anticonvulsant activity of acute and chronic treatment with a-asarone from Acorus gramineus in seizure models. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 36, 23 (2013).
  18. Liu, J., Kurashiki, K., Shimizu, K. and Kondo, R. : Structureactivity relationship for inhibition of 5$\alpha$-reductase by triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 14, 8654 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2006.08.018
  19. Lowry, O. H., Rosbrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. and Randall, R. J. : Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265 (1951).
  20. Matsuda, H., Sato, N., Yamazaki, M., Naruto, S. and Kubo, M. : Testosterone 5$\alpha$-reductase inhibitory active constituents from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 24, 586 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.24.586
  21. Kumar, T., Chaiyasut, C., Rungseevijitprapa W. and Suttajit, M. : Screening of steroid 5$\alpha$-reductase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content of Thai plants. J. Med. Plants Res. 5, 1265 (2011).
  22. Ranall, V. A. : Role of 5alpha-reductase in health and disease. Baillieres Clin. Endoclinol. Metab. 8, 405 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-351X(05)80259-9
  23. Meinhardt, U. and Mullis, P. E. : The essential role of the aromatase/p450arom. Semin. Reprod. Med. 20, 277 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-35374
  24. Wood, A. W., Swinney, D. C., Thomas, P. E., Ryan, D. E., Hall, P. F., Levin, W. and Garland, W. A. : Mechanism of androstenedione formation from testosterone and epitestosterone catalyzed by purified cytochrome P-450b. J. Biol. Chem. 17322 (1988).