Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
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Ginsenoside Rg3 Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Learning and Memory Impairments by Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Rats

  • Lee, Bombi (Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center) ;
  • Sur, Bongjun (The Graduate School of Basic Science of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Park, Jinhee (Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Hun (Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center) ;
  • Kwon, Sunoh (Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center) ;
  • Yeom, Mijung (Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center) ;
  • Shim, Insop (Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center) ;
  • Lee, Hyejung (Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center) ;
  • Hahm, Dae-Hyun (Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center)
  • Received : 2013.06.17
  • Accepted : 2013.09.23
  • Published : 2013.09.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine whether ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3) could improve learning and memory impairments and inflammatory reactions induced by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the brains of rats. The effects of GRg3 on proinflammatory mediators in the hippocampus and the underlying mechanisms of these effects were also investigated. Injection of LPS into the lateral ventricle caused chronic inflammation and produced deficits in learning in a memory-impairment animal model. Daily administration of GRg3 (10, 20, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 21 consecutive days markedly improved the LPS-induced learning and memory disabilities demonstrated on the step-through passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. GRg3 administration significantly decreased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-1${\beta}$, and cyclooxygenase-2 in the hippocampus, as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. Together, these findings suggest that GRg3 significantly attenuated LPS-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the rat brain. These results suggest that GRg3 may be effective for preventing or slowing the development of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, by improving cognitive and memory functions due to its anti-inflammatory activity in the brain.

Keywords

References

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