Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Effects of Global Warming and Environmental Factors of Light, Soil Moisture, and Nutrient Level on Ecological Niche of Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis

지구온난화와 환경요소인 광, 토양수분, 영양소가 상수리나무와 굴참나무의 생태 지위에 미치는 영향

  • Cho, Kyu-Tae (Department of Biology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Jang, Rae-Ha (Department of Biology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Hyuk (Department of Biology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Han, Young-Sub (Department of Biology, Kongju National University) ;
  • You, Young-Han (Department of Biology, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2013.08.23
  • Accepted : 2013.09.10
  • Published : 2013.09.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the changes of the ecological niche breadth and niche overlap of Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis under elevated $CO_2$ concentrations and under elevated temperature conditions. We investigated the growth responses by environmental factor, $CO_2$ concentration, air temperature, light, soil moisture and nutrients. Rising $CO_2$ concentration was treated with 1.6 times than control (ambient) and increased temperature with $2.2^{\circ}C$ above the control (ambient) in the glass greenhouse. Ecological niche breadth and niche overlap was calculated the two oak species (Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis), which were cultivated with light, soil moisture and nutrient gradients at four levels. As a result, the ecological niche breadth of Quercus acutissima was determined to be increased under the warming treatment, but decreased under soil moisture and nutrient environments. The ecological niche breadth of Quercus variabilis was increased under light, soil moisture and nutrients of the warming treatment than control. Ecological niche overlap between Quercus acutissima-Quercus variabilis was increased under light of the warming treatment than control, but decreased under soil moisture and nutrient environments. These results means that two oak species are more severe competition in light environments than soil moisture and nutrient environments. According to analyses of the Cluster and PCA, the two oak species were more sensitive react under light environment than to elevated $CO_2$ concentration or elevated temperature.

한반도의 참나무 중 수분과 유기물이 많은 입지에 분포하는 상수리나무와 수분이나 양분이 적은 척박한 건조지에 분포하는 굴참나무를 대상으로 대기 중의 $CO_2$ 농도와 기온이 상승하고 환경요소인 광, 토양수분, 영양소가 변화할 때 두 종의 생태 지위폭과 생태 지위 중복역에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 요소가 어떤 것인지 알아보고자 하였다. 유리온실 내에서 대기 중의 $CO_2$ 농도를 그대로 반영한 대조구와 이보다 $CO_2$ 농도는 약 1.6배와 온도는 $2.2^{\circ}C$ 상승시킨 온난화처리구에서 유식물에 주요 환경요인 중 광, 토양수분과 영양소를 각각 4구배로 처리하여 두 종의 생태 지위폭과 생태 지위 중복역을 계산하였다. 그 결과, 상수리나무의 생태 지위폭은 대조구와 온난화처리구간에 통계적인 차이는 없었고, 굴참나무의 생태지위폭은 대조구에 비해 온난화처리구의 영양소 처리구에서 감소하였다. 상수리나무와 굴참나무의 생태 지위 중 복역은 대조구에 비해 온난화처리구의 토양수분과 영양소 처리구에서 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 유식물을 대상으로 실험한 결과로 성측목에 적용하는 것은 한계가 있으나, 지구온난화가 진행됨에 따라 상수리나무와 굴참나무는 토양수분과 영양소 환경에 의한 경쟁이 약해질 것으로 유추할 수 있다. Cluster 분석과 PCA 분석 결과, 두 종은 $CO_2$ 농도 및 온도 증가에 의한 반응보다 광 환경에 따라 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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