DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Optimum pile arrangement in piled raft foundation by using simplified settlement analysis and adaptive step-length algorithm

  • Nakanishi, Keiji (Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation) ;
  • Takewaki, Izuru (Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Kyoto University)
  • Received : 2013.01.17
  • Accepted : 2013.06.04
  • Published : 2013.12.25

Abstract

This paper presents an optimal design method for determining pile lengths of piled raft foundations. The foundation settlement is evaluated by taking into account the raft-pile-soil interaction. The analysis of settlement is simplified by using Steinbrenner's equation. Then the total pile length is minimized under the settlement constraint. An extended sequential linear programming technique combined with an adaptive step-length algorithm of pile lengths is used to solve the optimal design problem. The accuracy of the simplified settlement analysis method and the validity of the obtained optimal solution are investigated through the comparison with the actual measurement result in existing piled raft foundations.

Keywords

References

  1. Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (2001a), Recommendations for Design of Building Foundations, Section 7.3, Piled raft foundation, 339-348.
  2. Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (2001b), Recommendations for Design of Building Foundations, Section 6.3, Vertical bearing strength and settlement, 200-237.
  3. Chan, C.M., Zhang, L.M. and Ng, J.T.M. (2009), "Optimization of pile groups using hybrid genetic algorithms", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 135(4), 497-505. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:4(497)
  4. Chow, Y.K., Yong, K.Y. and Shen, W.Y. (2001), "Analysis of piled raft foundations using a variational approach", Int. J. Geomechanics, 1(2), 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2001)1:2(129)
  5. Cunha, R.P., Poulos, H.G. and Small, J.C. (2001), "Investigation of design alternatives for a piled raft case history", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 127(8), 635-641. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:8(635)
  6. Fattah, M.Y., Al-Mosawi, M.J. and Al-Zayadi, A.O. (2013), "Time dependent behavior of piled raft foundation in clayey soil", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 5(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.1.017
  7. Hardin, B.O. and Drnevich, V.P. (1972), "Shear modulus and damping in soils: Design equations and curves", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 98(SM7), 667-692.
  8. Hirai, H. (2013), "Settlements and stresses of multi-layered grounds and improved grounds by equivalent elastic method", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 32(5), 523-557.
  9. Horikoshi, K. and Randolph, M.F. (1998), "A contribution to optimum design of piled rafts", Geotechnique, 48(3), 301-317. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1998.48.3.301
  10. Kim, K.N., Lee, S.-H., Kim, K.-S., Chung, C.-K., Kim, M.M. and Lee, H.S. (2001), "Optimal pile arrangement for minimizing differential settlements in piled raft foundations", Comput. Geotech., 28(4), 235-253.
  11. Kim, H.T., Yoo, H.K. and Kang, I.K. (2002), "Genetic algorithm-based optimum design of piled raft foundations with model tests", Geotech. Eng., 33(1), 1-11.
  12. Leung, Y.F. (2010), "Foundation optimisation and its application to pile reuse", Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge University, UK.
  13. Leung, Y.F., Klar, A. and Soga, K. (2010), "Theoretical study on pile length optimization of pile groups and piled rafts", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 136(2), 319-330. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000206
  14. Liew, S.S., Gue, S.S. and Tan, Y.C. (2002), "Design and instrumentation results of a reinforcement concrete piled raft supporting 2500 ton oil storage tank on very soft alluvium deposits", Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Piling and Deep Foundations, Deep Foundations Institute, 263-269.
  15. Newmark, N.M. (1935), Simplified Computation of Vertical Pressures in Elastic Foundation, Circular No. 24, Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois.
  16. Ohsaki, Y. (1991), Building Foundation Engineering, Gihodo Press, Tokyo.
  17. Poulos, H.G., Small, J.C., Ta, L.D., Sinha, J. and Chen, L. (1997), "Comparison of some methods for analysis of piled rafts", Proceedings of 14th Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 2, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 1119-1124.
  18. Poulos, H.G. (2001), "Piled raft foundations - Design and applications", Geotechnique, 51(2), 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.51.2.95.40292
  19. Prakoso, W.A. and Kulhawy, F.H. (2001), "Contribution to piled raft foundation design", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 127(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:1(17)
  20. Randolph, M.F. (1983), Design of piled raft foundations, CUED/D TR 143, Cambridge University, UK.
  21. Randolph, M.F. (1994), Design methods for pile groups and piled rafts, XIII CIMSTF, New Delhi.inde, 61-82.
  22. Reul, O. and Randolph, M.F. (2003), "Piled rafts in overconsolidated clay: comparison of in situ measurements and numerical analyses", Geotechnique, 53(3), 301-315. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2003.53.3.301
  23. Reul, O. and Randolph, M.F. (2004), "Design strategies for piled rafts subjected to nonuniform vertical loading", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 130(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:1(1)
  24. Small, J.C. and Zhang, H.H. (2002), "Behavior of piled raft foundations under lateral and vertical loading", Int. J. Geomech., 2(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2002)2:1(29)
  25. Steinbrenner, W. (1934), Tafeln zur Setzungsberechnung, Die Strabe, Vol. 1.
  26. Steinbrenner, W. (1936), Bodenmechanik und neizeitlicher Strabenbau, (Symposium by 24 authors), Volk und Reich Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
  27. Ta, L.D. and Small, J.C. (1996), "Analysis of piled raft systems in layered soils", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Method. Geomech., 20(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199601)20:1<57::AID-NAG807>3.0.CO;2-0
  28. Tamaoki, K., Katsura, Y., Nishio, S. and Kishida, S. (1993a), "Estimation of Young's moduli of bearing soil strata", Excavation in Urban Areas, KIG Forum'93, (T. Adachi Edition), Jap. Soc. Soil Mech. Found. Eng., 23-33.
  29. Tamaoki, K., Katsura, Y. and Kishida, S. (1993b), "Young's moduli of bearing strata estimated from vertical deformation during excavation and construction", J. Struct. Constr. Eng., AIJ, No. 446, 73-80. [In Japanese]
  30. Valliappan, S., Tandjiria, V. and Khalili, N. (1999), "Design of raft-pile foundation using combined optimization and finite element approach", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 23(10), 1043-1065. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(19990825)23:10<1043::AID-NAG40>3.0.CO;2-1
  31. Vanderplaats, G.N. (1984), Numerical Optimization Techniques for Engineering Design with Applications, McGraw-Hill.

Cited by

  1. Differential settlements in foundations under embankment load: Theoretical model and experimental verification vol.8, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.2.283
  2. Optimised design of jet-grouted rafts subjected to nonuniform vertical loading 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-0841-1
  3. Optimised design of jet-grouted raft using response surface method vol.74, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2015.12.012
  4. Evaluation of the Compressibility Parameters of Soils Using Soft Computing Methods vol.55, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-018-9522-4
  5. Finite element analyses of the stability of a soil block reinforced by shear pins vol.12, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.6.1021
  6. Assessment the effect of pile intervals on settlement and bending moment raft analysis of piled raft foundations vol.16, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.2.187
  7. PRaFULL: A method for the analysis of piled raft foundation under lateral load vol.20, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.5.433
  8. Behavior of a combined piled raft foundation in a multi-layered soil subjected to vertical loading vol.21, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.21.4.379
  9. Settlement analysis of pile cap with normal and under-reamed piles vol.25, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.25.6.525