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Mineralogical Study on Interpretation of Firing Temperature of Ancient Bricks: Focused on the Bricks from the Songsanri Tomb Complex

고대 벽돌의 소성온도 해석을 위한 광물학적 연구: 송산리 고분군 벽돌을 중심으로

  • Jang, Sungyoon (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Chan Hee (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju National University)
  • 장성윤 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 이찬희 (공주대학교 문화재보존과학과)
  • Received : 2014.10.03
  • Accepted : 2014.11.14
  • Published : 2014.12.20

Abstract

In this study, firing temperature of bricks from the Songsanri tomb complex is interpreted based on the mineralogical and physical changes of soil samples fired at different temperature. When soil samples were burned at 500 to $1,200^{\circ}C$, phase transition of clay minerals affected the mineralogical composition and microstructure, which leaded to alteration of physical features as color, water absorption and porosity. Mineralogical composition can be assumed to vary with the temperature by mineral phase stability, however, color, water absorption, porosity and microstructure had slow change under $1,000^{\circ}C$, and had rapid change from 1,000 to $1,200^{\circ}C$. Upon the mineral and physical alteration of soil, firing temperature of bricks from the Songsanri tomb complex were estimated. Some bricks were over fired at temperature more than $1,200^{\circ}C$, some high-burned bricks were fired from 1,100 to $1,200^{\circ}C$, some bricks were fired by 900 to $1,000^{\circ}C$ and some bricks ere assumed not to be fired. Henceforward mineralogical and physical study can be applied to interpretate more precise firing temperature.

이 연구에서는 벽돌 재료인 토양이 온도별로 소성되면서 겪는 광물학적 변화와 이에 수반된 물리적 변화를 토대로 송산리 고분군 출토 벽돌의 소성온도를 해석하였다. 토양시료를 $500{\sim}1,200^{\circ}C$로 소성하였을 때, 구성광물의 상전이에 의해 광물조성과 미세조직이 변했고 이에 따라 색, 흡수율, 기공률 등의 물리적 특성도 달라졌다. 광물조성은 상안정범위에 따른 광물의 구조붕괴와 재결정으로 인해 온도별로 달라졌지만 색, 흡수율, 미세조직은 $1,000^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 변화 폭이 적었고 $1,000{\sim}1,200^{\circ}C$에서는 급격한 변화가 나타났다. 이를 토대로 송산리 고분군 벽돌시료의 소성온도를 해석한 결과, 송산리 고분군 벽돌은 $1,200^{\circ}C$ 이상의 과소성품, $1,100{\sim}1,200^{\circ}C$의 고온소성품, $900{\sim}1,000^{\circ}C$의 소성품과 소성되지 않은 것으로 판단되는 벽돌이 공존하는 것으로 확인되었다. 향후 이러한 광물학적 및 물리적 변화과정을 토대로 보다 정밀한 소성온도 해석이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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