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Occurrence of Fungi and Fusarium Mycotoxins in the Rice Samples from Rice Processing Complexes

미곡종합처리장 곡류시료 내 곰팡이 오염과 Fusarium 독소 발생

  • Lee, Theresa (Microbial Safety Team, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Soohyung (Microbial Safety Team, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Lee-Han (Microbial Safety Team, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Ryu, Jae-Gee (Microbial Safety Team, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 이데레사 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 이수형 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 김이한 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 류재기 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀)
  • Received : 2014.10.24
  • Accepted : 2014.11.10
  • Published : 2014.12.31

Abstract

Rice samples including paddy, husk, brown rice, blue-tinged rice, broken rice, discolored rice and polished rice were collected from rice processing complexes(RPC) nationwide to determine the contamination of fungi and mycotoxins on rice during 2010-2013. Among the samples, paddy rice had the highest frequencies of fungal and Fusarium occurrence, and the frequencies decreased along with milling as husk was the next. Blue-tinged rice or discolored rice was similar with brown rice for fungal occurrence, and polished rice showed the lowest frequency. Among Fusarium species, F. graminearum species complex occupied 87% in 2012 but did 35-39% in 2011 and 2013. Aspergillus and Penicillium species appeared at low frequency in most samples but occurred at higher frequency in certain RPC samples. Alternaria, Nigrospora, and Epicoccum species occurred similarly to the pattern of total fungi. The rice samples from 2010-2012 were analyzed for the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, and other trichothecenes. The most highly contaminated sample was discolored rice in terms of frequency, level, ratio of simultaneous contamination with multiple toxins, followed by blue-tinged rice.

국내 미곡종합처리장(RPC)에서 벼와 이의 가공산물인 왕겨, 현미, 청치미, 쇄미, 색채미, 백미시료를 2010-2013년 동안 수집하고 미곡에 발생하는 곰팡이와 곰팡이독소 오염을 조사하였다. 전체 곰팡이와 Fusarium 속 곰팡이의 발생은 모든 시료 중 벼에서 가장 높았고, 왕겨가 다음이었으며 도정과정을 따라 감소하였다. 현미, 청치미, 색채미의 발생빈도는 서로 유사하였으며 백미가 가장 낮았다. Fusarium 속 곰팡이 중에서 붉은곰팡이 종복합체의 비율은 2012년에 87%로 가장 높았고, 2011년과 2013년에는 30%대에 머물렀다. Aspergillus 속과 Penicillium 속의 경우 발생빈도는 낮았으나 특정 RPC의 미곡시료에 높은 빈도로 발생하는 유형을 보였고 Alternaria, Nigrospora, Epicoccum 속 곰팡이의 발생유형은 전체 곰팡이의 것과 유사하였다. 미곡 시료의 곰팡이독소 오염여부를 조사하기 위해 2010-2012년 시료를 대상으로 데옥시니발레놀, 니발레놀, 제랄레논과 기타 트라이코쎄신을 분석한 결과, 가공산물 중 색채미의 오염빈도, 검출량, 독소 중복오염비율이 가장 높았고 다음은 청치미였다.

Keywords

References

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