Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Chloride-deicers on Growth of Wheat, Barley and Spinach

염화물계 제설제의 밀, 보리, 시금치 생육에 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2014.10.28
  • Accepted : 2014.11.26
  • Published : 2014.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Deicers such as calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) and sodium chloride (NaCl) in Korea have been commonly used to reduce traffic accidents as well as injuries. However there have been adverse effects of deciders such as pollution of water and soil, and reduced productivity of agriculture as well as forest. This study aimed to investigate biological effects of the deicers against wheat, barley, and spinach. METHODS AND RESULTS: The germination of tested crop seeds exposed to chloride-deicers, $CaCl_2$ and NaCl was significantly reduced at over 3% concentration of chloride-deicers compared to the control. In spraying deicers to the seedlings of the crops, there was no symptom such as inhibition of growth rate or leaf elongation. However the germination of tested crop seeds was affected at 2% concentration of deicers when they were exposed continuously to deicers in soils. The growth of the shoot against $CaCl_2$ and NaCl treatments was very similar in wheat and barley whereas the shoot of spinach was the most susceptible. Based on these results, the sensitivity of the crops to the tested deicers was as follows: NaCl > $CaCl_2$ > mixture ($CaCl_2$ + NaCl). The length of shoots and roots of the seedlings grown in 1% treated soil was decreased. The biomass of all the seedlings decreased 1.5 to 4 times at 1%. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the effects of salt deicers by inputting into soil against growing tested crops are more severe in germination and growth inhibition as well as biomass decrease.

$CaCl_2$나 NaCl과 같은 제설제들은 겨울철에 교통사고예방과 상해방지를 위해서 빈번히 사용된다. 제설제가 사고를 줄이는데 기여를 해오고 있지만, 농업 및 임업 생산성 감소, 토양 및 수질 오염 등의 부작용도 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 겨울철 재배가 활발한 밀, 보리, 시금치의 발아 생육에 대한 제설제의 영향을 조사하였다. 제설제의 농도가 3%이상인 경우, 노출된 밀, 보리, 시금치의 발아는 대조구에 비해 유의성이 있는 감수성을 보였고, 시금치가 가장 감수성이 높았다. 유묘에 대한 제설제 분무는 잎의 성장에 영향을 주지 않았다. 작물이 지속적으로 제설제에 처리된 토양에 노출되었을 때 작물의 발아는 제설제 2% 이상농도에서도 영향을 받았다. 제설제에 노출된 유묘성장은 $CaCl_2$, NaCl 처리구 모두 밀과 보리에 비슷한 저해효과를 보였고, 시금치가 가장 높은 감수성을 보였다. 1% 제설제가 처리된 토양에서 1달동안 성장한 유묘의 줄기와 뿌리는 대조구에 비해서 성장이 저해되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 제설제에 대한 작물의 감수성은 NaCl> $CaCl_2$ > mixture ($CaCl_2$ + NaCl) 임을 알 수 있었다. 모든 조사작물 유묘의 생체량은 1.5-4배 감소하였다. 이상의 결과는 염화물계 제설제가 토양에 들어감으로써 작물의 발아, 성장, 생체량의 감소에 영향을 준다는 것을 보여준다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae, J.K., Joo, Y.S., Park, J.S., 2002. Investigation of effect on composting process and plant growth of salt concentration in food waste, J. Kor. Org. Resour. Recy. Assoc. 10, 103-111.
  2. Bryson, G.M., Barker, A.V., 2002. Sodium accumulation in soils and plants along Massachusetts roadsides, Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 33, 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120002378
  3. Chun, I.S., Kim, S.W., 1995. Effects of calcium chloride on freezing and thawing of high early strength cement, Kor.Chem. Eng. Res. 3, 141-154.
  4. Cunningham, M.A., Snyder, E., Yonkin, D., Ross, M., Elsen, T., 2008. Accumulation of deicing salts in soils in an urban environment, Urban Ecosyst. 11, 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-007-0031-x
  5. Gibbs, J.N., Burdekin, D.A., 1983. De-icing salt and crown damage to London plane, Arboric. J. 7, 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.1983.9746623
  6. Greenway, H., Munns, R., 1980. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 31, 149-190. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.31.060180.001053
  7. Hanes, R.E., 1976. Effects of De-Icing Salts on Water Quality and Biot, p. 88, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC., USA.
  8. Khan, M.A., Gulzar, S., 2003. Light, salinity, and temperature effects on the seed germination of perennial grasses, Am. J. Bot. 90, 131-134. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.1.131
  9. Khan, M.A., Gul, B., Weber, D.J., 2002. Seed germination in relation to salinity and temperature in Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Biol. Plant. 45, 133-135. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015133515568
  10. Lee, E.S., 2004. A Study on environmental impact of alternative road deicer using food waste, Eng. Tech. Res. 2, 1-9.
  11. Phillipupillai, J., Ungar, I.A., 1984. The effect of seed dimorphism on the germination and survival of Salicornia europaea L. populations, Am. J. Bot. 71, 542-549. https://doi.org/10.2307/2443329
  12. Shin, S.S., Shin, E.J., Park, S.D., Lee, K.S., 2012. Effect of deicers on germination of buried seeds in topsoil of old field. J. Civil Eng. 16, 538-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-1311-4
  13. Shin, S.S., Park, S.D., Kim, H.S., Lee, K.S., 2010. Effects of calcium chloride and eco-friendly deicer on the plant growth, J. Kor. Soc. Environ. Eng. 32, 487-498.
  14. Sung, J.H., Je, S.M., Kim, S.H., Kim, Y.K., 2009. Effect of calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) on the characteristics of photosynthetic apparatus, stomatal conductance, and fluorescence image of the leaves of Cornus kousa, Kor. J. Agric. For. Meteorol. 11, 143-150. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2009.11.4.143
  15. Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., 2002, Plant Physiology, p. 690, 3rd ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, ISBN:0878938230.
  16. Viskari, E.L., Karenlampi, L., 2000. Road Scots pine as an indicator of deicing salt use-a comparative study form two consecutive winters, Water Air Soil Pollut. 122, 405-409. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005235422943

Cited by

  1. Effect of EFD-1 and PC-10 deicers on Growth of Wheat, Barley and Spinach vol.34, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2015.34.1.07