Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
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The Risk of Metabolic Syndrome by Dietary Patterns of Middle-aged Adults in Gyeonggi Province

경기 일부 지역 중년 성인의 식사 패턴에 따른 대사증후군 위험에 관한 연구

  • Lee, You-Sin (Department of Home Economics Education, Dongguk University) ;
  • Lee, Moo-Yong (Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Sim-Yeol (Department of Home Economics Education, Dongguk University)
  • 이유신 (동국대학교-서울 가정교육과) ;
  • 이무용 (동국대학교 일산병원 심장혈관센터) ;
  • 이심열 (동국대학교-서울 가정교육과)
  • Received : 2014.11.27
  • Accepted : 2014.12.30
  • Published : 2014.12.30
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Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess how nutrient intakes are related to risk factors for metabolic syndrome according to dietary patterns in the middle-aged adults. Methods: The subjects (n = 187; 47 men, 140 women) consisted of middle-aged adults over 30 years old in Ilsan area. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the data collected from each subject, including anthropometric measurements and blood analyses. The dietary patterns were derived from the average of two-day dietary intake data. Results: Factor analysis identified three major dietary patterns which were "Meats and alcohol", "Mixed grains, vegetables and fruits", and "Rice, Kimchi and fish & shellfish". The daily intakes of energy, protein, and sodium increased across quartiles of "Meats and alcohol" pattern scores (p < 0.05), whereas the intakes of carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, and fiber increased across quartiles of "Mixed grains, vegetables and fruits" pattern scores (p < 0.001). The "Meats and alcohol" pattern scores were positively correlated with protein and sodium intakes but inversely correlated with carbohydrates, fiber and potassium intakes which were adjusted for age, sex and energy (p < 0.05). The highest quartile pattern score of "Meats and alcohol" pattern had elevated odds ratio of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). The risk of hypertriglyceridemia decreased in the highest quartile of "Mixed grains, vegetables and fruits" pattern (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12-1.00). Conclusions: Our results suggested that reducing the consumption of meat and alcohol along with increasing fruits, vegetables and mixed grains would be helpful for preventing the metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases.

본 연구는 중년 성인을 대상으로 식사 패턴을 파악하고, 식사 패턴에 따른 영양소 섭취실태와 대사증후군 위험요인의 관련성을 분석하고자 하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 식품군별 평균 섭취량을 이용한 요인분석을 통해 육류, 주류, 난류, 유지류 등의 섭취가 두드러진 '육류와 술', 주식으로 잡곡류를 섭취하고 과일과 채소 등을 섭취하는 '잡곡과 채소 및 과일', 주식으로 백미를 위주로 하고 김치와 어패류를 섭취하는 '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴이 분리되었다. 2) '육류와 술' 패턴의 요인점수가 높아질수록 신장, 체중, 허리둘레, 체질량지수가 증가하였고, 연령은 낮아지는 경향을 나타낸 반면 '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴은 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. '육류와 술' 패턴의 경우 남자, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 경우 여자의 비율이 높았고, '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴의 경우 교육수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 3) 식사 요인점수의 사분위에 따른 영양소 섭취량은 '육류와 술' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 에너지, 단백질, 나트륨의 섭취가 증가하였고, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 탄수화물, 칼륨, 칼슘과 식이섬유의 섭취가 증가하였으며, '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 에너지와 지질의 섭취가 증가하였고, 탄수화물, 칼륨과 식이섬유의 섭취가 감소하였다. 4) 식사 패턴과 영양소 섭취와의 상관관계에서 '육류와 술' 패턴의 경우 보정 후 단백질과 나트륨의 섭취가 양의 상관관계였으나, 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 칼슘, 칼륨 등의 섭취는 음의 상관관계였고, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 경우 단백질, 지질, 나트륨과 티아민을 제외한 모든 영양소와 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 '백미와 김치 및 어패류' 패턴과 지질의 섭취는 양의 상관관계였고, 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 칼륨 등의 무기질과 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 5) 식사 요인점수의 사분위에 따른 대사증후군의 위험도는 '육류와 술' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 복부비만과 대사증후군에 대한 위험도가 높아졌고, '잡곡과 채소 및 과일' 패턴의 식사를 할수록 고중성지방혈증에 대한 위험도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 식사 패턴과 대사증후군 위험요인간에 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타나 육류와 술의 섭취를 줄이고, 잡곡을 위주로 채소와 과일 등을 추가한 균형 잡힌 건강식을 섭취하는 것이 대사증후군의 예방 및 관리를 위해 권장될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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