Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Environmental Factors on Akinete Germination of Anabaena circinalis (Cyanobacteriaceae) Isolated from the North Han River, Korea

북한강 수역에서 분리한 남조류 Anabaena circinalis 휴면포자 발아에 대한 환경요인의 영향

  • Park, Chae-Hong (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lim, Byung-Jin (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • You, Kyoung-A (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Myung-Hwan (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hwang, Soon-Jin (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University)
  • 박채홍 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과) ;
  • 임병진 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 유경아 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 박명환 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과) ;
  • 황순진 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과)
  • Received : 2014.11.12
  • Accepted : 2014.12.22
  • Published : 2014.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Akinete germination may be a starting point of some akinete-producing cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic freshwater systems. This study examined germinability of akinete of a cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis isolated from the sediment of the North Han River (Cheongpyung Dam), Korea, under several environmental factors such as temperature ($5{\sim}25^{\circ}C$), light ($0{\sim}100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$), nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and pH (5~12). The high germination rate appeared at high temperature: >55% at $25^{\circ}C$, followed by 15% at $15^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$ and 10% at $5^{\circ}C$. Low light intensity was favorable for akinete germination. Over 45% of germination occurred at low light intensities (5, 15 and $30{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$), while less than 10% of germination occurred at both 50 and $100{\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. No germination occurred in the dark condition. Akinete germination rate increased with nutrient (phosphorus and nitrogen) enrichment, and nitrogen addition showed greater effect on the germination compared to phosphorus addition. Akinetes germinated well at neutral or slightly alkaline pH condition (pH 7 and pH 8: >55%), but no germination was observed at pH 11~12. The present study demonstrates some favorable ambient conditions of Anabaena circinalis germination, which could provide useful information to study the germination conditions of other Anabaena species or akinete-forming algae and predict its bloom in eutrophic freshwaters.

Keywords

References

  1. Agrawal, S.C. 1986. Effects of different factors on the akinete germination in Pithophora oedogonia (MONT.) WIT TROCK. Journal of Basic Microbiology 24: 175-179.
  2. Agrawal, S.C. 2009. Factors affecting spore germination in algaereview. Folia Microbiologica 54: 273-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-009-0047-0
  3. Agrawal, S.C. and V. Singh. 2000. Vegetative survival, akinete formation and germination in three blue-green algae and one green alga in relation to light intensity, temperature, heat shock and UV exposure. Folia Microbiology 45: 439-446. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02817618
  4. Agrawal, S.C. and U. Misra. 2002. Vegetative survival, akinete and zoosporangium formation and germination in some selected algae as affected by nutrients, pH, metals, and pesticides. Folia Microbiologica 47: 527-534. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02818793
  5. Agrawal, S.C. and U.K. Sharma. 1994. Sporulation and spore germination in Westiellopsis prolifica JANET in various culture conditions. Phykos 33: 31-38.
  6. Baker, P.D. 1999. Role of akinetes in the development of cyanobacterial populations in the lower Murray River, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 50: 265-279. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF98090
  7. Baker, P.D. and D. Bellifemine. 2000. Environmental influences on akinete germination of Anabaena circinalis and implications for management of cyanobacterial blooms. Hydrobiologia 427: 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003988426561
  8. Brock, T.D. 1973. Lower pH limit for the existence of bluegreen algae: Evolution and ecological implications. Science, N.Y 179: 480-483. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.179.4072.480
  9. Dale, B. 1983. Dinoflagellate resting cysts: "benthic plankton" p. 69-136. In: Survival Strategies of the Algae (Fryxell, G.A., ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  10. Faithfull, C.L. and C.W. Burns. 2006. Effects of salinity and source of inocula on germination of Anabaena akinetes from a tidally influenced lake. Freshwater Biology 51: 705-716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01524.x
  11. Fay, P. 1988. Viability of akinetes of the planktonic cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series B 234: 283-301. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1988.0049
  12. Han River Watershed and Environment Management District. 2013. Distribution and Eco-physiological Characteristics of Harmful Algae in the North Han River. Final report.
  13. Holm-Hansen, O. 1963. Viability of blue-green and green algae after freezing, Physiologia PI 16: 530-540. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1963.tb08330.x
  14. Hong, Y., A. Steinman, B. Biddanda, R. Rediske and G. Fannenstiel. 2006. Occurrence of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in Mona and Muskegon Lakes, Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research 32: 645-652. https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[645:OOTTCC]2.0.CO;2
  15. Huber, A.L. 1985. Factors affecting the germination of akinetes of Nodularia spumigena (Cyanobacteriaceae). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49: 73-78.
  16. Kang, P.G., S.J. Lee, M.S. Byeon, S.A. Yoon, H.N. Kim, J.K. Lee and S.J. Hwang. 2014. Current status and perspectives in the akinete study of the blue-green algal genus Anabaena. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 47: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2014.47.1.001
  17. Kanoshina, I., U. Lips and J.M. Lepp-nen. 2003. The influence of weather conditions (temperature and wind) on cyanobacterial bloom development in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic sea). Science Direct 2: 29-41.
  18. Karlsson-Elfgren, I. 2003. Studies on the life cycles of akinete forming cyanobacteria. PhD Thesis. Uppsala University. (Sweden)
  19. Kaushik, M., H.D. Kumar and H.N. Singh. 1971. Studies on growth and development of two nitrogen fixing blue-green algae. I. Carbon and phosphorus nutrition. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysiology 65: 435-442.
  20. Kezhi, B., W. Guoliang and C. Cheng. 1985. Studies on the mechanism of light-dependent germination of akinetes of blue-green algae. Hydrobiologia 123: 89-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006618
  21. Kim, B.H., W.S. Lee., Y.O. Kim, H.O. Lee and M.S. Han. 2005. Relationship between akinete germination and vegetative population of Anabaena flos-aquae (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) in Seokchon reservoir (Seoul, Korea). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 163: 49-64. https://doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0163-0049
  22. Kravchuk, E.S., E.A. Ivanova and M.I. Gladyshev. 2002. Seasonal dynamics of the numbers of Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Breb. akinetes in the surface layer of bottom sediments and bulk water. Doklady Biological Sciences 384: 233-234. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016073625762
  23. Li, Z., M.S. Han, S.O. Hwang, M.S. Byeon, S.J. Hwang and B.H. Kim. 2013. Molecular identification of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena from North Han River system in summer 2012. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 46: 301-309.
  24. Li, R., M. Watanabe and M.M. Watanabe. 1997. Akinete formation in planktonic Anabaena spp. (cyanobacteria) by treatment with low temperature. Journal of Phycology 33: 576-584. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00576.x
  25. Lopez-Archilla, A.I., D. Moreira, P. Lopez-Garcia and C. Guerrero. 2004. Phytoplankton diversity and cyanobacterial dominance in a hypereutrophic shallow lake with biologically produced alkaline pH. Extremophiles 8: 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-003-0369-9
  26. Matsuoka, K. and Y. Fukuyo. 2000. Technical guide for modern Dinoflagellate cyst study. WESTPAC-HAB 6-9.
  27. Myers, J.H., J. Beardall, G. Allinson, S. Salzman and L. Gunthorpe. 2010. Environmental influences on akinete germination and development in Nodularia spumigena (Cyanobacteriaceae), isolated from the Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, Australia. Hydrobiologia 649: 239-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0252-5
  28. Neely-Fisher, D.L., W.B. White and R.W. Fisher. 1989. Fructose-induced dark germination of Anabaena akinetes. Current Microbiology 19: 139-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01568931
  29. Padisak, J. 2003. Estimation of minimum sedimentary inoculum (akinete) pool of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii: a morphology and life cycle based method. Hydrobiologia 502: 389-394. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000004296.49074.0a
  30. Paerl, H.W. 1988. Nuisance phytoplankton blooms in coastal, estuarine, and inland waters. Limnology and Oceanography 33: 823-847. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.4_part_2.0823
  31. Probert, R.J. 2000. The role of temperature in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination. p. 261-292. In: Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities (Fenner, M. ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
  32. Rai, A.K. and G.P. Pandey. 1981. Influence of environmental stress on the germination of Anabaena vaginicola akinetes. Annals of Botany 48: 361-370.
  33. Reddy, P.M. 1983. Effects of temperature pre-treatment, desiccation and aging on the viability of sores of halophilic blue-green algae. Hydrobiologia 106: 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00008121
  34. Reddy, P.M. 1984a. Effect of distilled water pre-treatment, nitrate and phosphate on germination of spores of two bluegreen algae. Hydrobiologia 100: 261-265.
  35. Reddy, P.M. 1984b. Influence of pH on sporulation, spore germination and germling survival in blue-green algae. Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica 12: 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.19840120412
  36. Rengefors, K., S. Gustafsson and A. Stahl-Delbanco. 2004. Factors regulating the recruitment of cyanobacterial and eukaryotic phytoplankton from littoral and profundal sediments. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 36: 213-226. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame036213
  37. Roelofs, T.D. and R.T. Oglesby. 1970. Ecological observations on the planktonic cyanophyte Gloeotrichia echinulata. Limnology and Oceanography 15: 224-229. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1970.15.2.0224
  38. Saker, M.L., B.A. Neilan and D.J. Griffiths. 1999. Two morphological forms of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (cyanobacteria) isolated from Solomon Dam, Palm island, Queensland. Journal of Phycology 35: 599-606. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3530599.x
  39. Stahl-Delbanco, A. and L.A. Hansson. 2002. Effects of bioturbation on recruitment of algal cells from the "seed bank" of lake sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 47: 1836-1843. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.6.1836
  40. Stahl-Delbanco, A., L.A. Hansson and M. Gyllstrom. 2003. Recruitment of resting stages may induce blooms of Microcystis at low N:P ratios. Journal of Plankton Research 25: 1099-1106. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.9.1099
  41. Sutherland, J.M., W.D.P. Stewart and M. Herdman. 1985. Akinete of the cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7524: morphological changes during synchronous germination. Archieves of Microbiology 142: 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00693402
  42. Tsujimura, S., K. Ishikawa and H. Tsukada. 2001. Effect of temperature on growth of the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in lake Biwa and lake Yogo. Phycology Research 49: 275-280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2001.tb00257.x
  43. Tsujimura, S. and T. Okubo. 2003. Development of Anabaena blooms in a small reservoir with dense sediment akinete population, with special reference to temperature and irradiance. Journal of Plankton Research 25: 1059-1067. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.9.1059
  44. Tsujimura, S. 2004. Reduction of germination frequency of Anabaena akinetes by sediment drying: a possible method by which to inhibit bloom formation. Water Research 38: 4361-4366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2004.08.029
  45. Van Dok, W. and B.T. Hart. 1997. Akinete germination in Anabaena circinalis (Cyanophyta). Journal of Phycology 33: 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00012.x
  46. Yamamoto, Y. 1976. Effect of some physical and chemical factors on the germination of akinetes of Anabaena cylindrica. Journal of Genetics and Applied Microbiology 22: 311-323. https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.22.311