Korean journal of applied entomology (한국응용곤충학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Entomology (한국응용곤충학회)
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Overwintering Conditions of the Diamondback Moth and Genetic Variation of Overwintering Populations

배추좀나방 월동 조건과 야외 월동집단의 유전적 변이

  • Kim, Eunseong (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Choi, Bongki (Department of Applied Biology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Youngjin (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University) ;
  • Cha, Ookhyun (Department of Biology, Kyungsung University) ;
  • Jung, Chungryel (Department of Biology, Kyungsung University) ;
  • Lee, Daeweon (Department of Biology, Kyungsung University) ;
  • Kim, Kwangho (Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agriculture Science) ;
  • Kim, Yonggyun (Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University)
  • 김은성 (안동대학교 자연과학대학 생명자원과학과) ;
  • 최봉기 (경북대학교 농업생명과학대학 응용생명과학과) ;
  • 박영진 (안동대학교 자연과학대학 생명자원과학과) ;
  • 차욱현 (경성대학교 자연과학대학 생물학과) ;
  • 정충렬 (경성대학교 자연과학대학 생물학과) ;
  • 이대원 (경성대학교 자연과학대학 생물학과) ;
  • 김광호 (국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 김용균 (안동대학교 자연과학대학 생명자원과학과)
  • Received : 2014.06.17
  • Accepted : 2014.10.02
  • Published : 2014.12.01
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Abstract

It has been unclear whether the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella can overwinter in Korean field conditions. This study determined overwintering conditions of P. xylostella by conducting field exposure tests based on its cold tolerance and monitoring overwintering populations by direct examination of overwintering larval habitats and capturing adults with sex pheromone traps. In addition, the overwintering populations were analyzed using polymorphic genetic markers to trace their sources. When all immature stages of P. xylostella were exposed to $-5^{\circ}C$, which was the temperature much above their supercooling points, they significantly suffered with direct cold injuries, where larval stage was most tolerant to the cold injury. However, the exposure to $5^{\circ}C$ for a long period (4 weeks) did not give any significant cold injury to nonfeeding stages, while this treatment gave lethality to larval stage without diet. When all developmental stages of P. xylostella were exposed to open field conditions during winter, they exhibited significant decreases of survival rates. However, some protected and indoor conditions reduced the cold injuries and the diet provision significantly increased larval survival rates. Adult monitoring with sex pheromone during winter period indicated that the first captures were observed at similar periods at different locations (${\approx}260$ Km apart). The overwintering adults were captured until early April. Genetic variation of these overwintering populations was analyzed with polymorphic molecular markers, indicating significant genetic divergences among the overwintering populations. This study indicates that P. xylostella can overwinter in southern Korean fields or some protected greenhouses with host plants.

배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella)이 국내에서 월동이 가능한 지 명확하지 않았다. 본 연구는 배추좀나방의 내한성에 기초한 야외 노출 실험을 실시하여 월동 환경 조건을 결정하고, 동계 야외 지역의 배추좀나방 유충 서식지 관찰 및 성페로몬을 이용한 성충 모니터링을 통해 월동이 가능한 지 조사하였다. 또한 이들 월동집단의 유래를 추적하기 위해 다형유전좌위를 이용한 집단 분석을 실시하였다. 배추좀나방의 체내빙결점 보다 높은 $-5^{\circ}C$로 처리한 결과 모든 미성숙 발육태에서 뚜렷한 생존력 저하를 보여 직접적 냉해 피해를 주었다. 여기서 유충발육태는 가장 낮은 냉해 피해를 받았다. 그러나 $5^{\circ}C$로 장기간(4 주) 처리한 결과 냉해 피해는 없었지만, 유충의 경우 먹이가 없는 상태에서 치사율이 증가했다. 모든 발육태의 배추좀나방을 대상으로 겨울 기간 동안 야외조건에 노출시킨 결과 모든 발육태에서 생존력 저하를 나타냈다. 그러나 비가온 실내조건에서 저온 피해를 줄였으며 유충의 경우 먹이가 공급되면 생존력이 뚜렷하게 증가하였다. 동계 성페로몬 모니터링 결과 2014년도 최초의 성충발생일은 유사한 시기에 서로 다른 지역(약 260 Km 거리)에서 나타났으며 월동집단의 성충은 4월 상순까지 포획되었다. 지역간 이들 월동집단의 유전적 거리는 다형분자마커를 이용하여 분석되었으며 이들 월동집단들 사이에 뚜렷한 유전적 분화가 있는 것을 나타냈다. 본 연구는 배추좀나방의 국내 월동이 남쪽 지역 또는 기주 식물이 있는 시설재배지에서 가능한 것으로 제시하고 있다.

Keywords

References

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