Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Carbon Footprint and Mitigation of Vegetables Produced at Open Fields and Film House using Life Cycle Assessment

  • Lee, Deog Bae (Dept. of Agro-environment, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jung, Sun Chul (Enbinus) ;
  • So, Kyu Ho (Dept. of Agro-environment, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Gun Yeob (Dept. of Agro-environment, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong, Hyun Cheol (Dept. of Agro-environment, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Sonn, Yeon Gyu (Dept. of Agro-environment, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • Received : 2014.09.30
  • Accepted : 2014.11.16
  • Published : 2014.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out to find out major factors to mitigate carbon emission using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). System boundary of LCA was confined from sowing to packaging during vegetable production. Input amount of agri-materials was calculated on 2007 Income reference of white radish, chinese cabbage and chive produced at open field and film house published by Rural Development Administration. Domestic data and Ecoinvent data were used for emission factors of each agri-material based on the 1996 IPCC guideline. Carbon footprint of white radish was 0.19 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at open fields, 0.133 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at film house, that of chinese cabbage was 0.22 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at open fields, 0.19 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at film house, and that of chive was 0.66 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at open fields and 1.04 kg $CO_2kg^{-1}$ at film house. The high carbon footprint of chive was related to lower vegetable production and higher fuel usage as compared to white radish and Chinese cabbage. The mean proportion of carbon emission was 35.7% during the manufacturing byproduct fertilizer; white radish at open fields was 50.6%, white radish at film house 13.1%, Chinese cabbage at outdoor 38.4%, Chinese cabbage at film house 34.0%, chive at outdoor 50.6%, and chive at film house 36.0%. Carbon emission, on average, for the step of manufacturing and combustion accounted for 16.1% of the total emission; white radish at open fields was 4.3%, white radish at film house 15.6%, Chinese cabbage at open fields 6.9%, Chinese cabbage at film house 19.0%, chive at open fields 12.5%, and chive at film house 29.1%. On the while, mean proportion of carbon footprint for the step of $N_2O$ emission was 29.2%; white radish at open fields was 39.2%, white radish at film house 41.9%, Chinese cabbage at open fields 34.4%, Chinese cabbage at film house 23.1%, chive at open fields 28.8%, and chive at film house 17.1%. Fertilizer was the primary factor and fuel was the secondary factor for carbon emission among the vegetables of this study. It was suggested to use Heug-To-Ram web-service system, http://soil.rda.go.kr, for the scientific fertilization based on soil testing, and for increase of energy efficiency to produce low carbon vegetable.

Keywords

References

  1. Blengin, G. A., and M. Busto. 2009. The life cycle of rice: LCA of alternative agri-food chain management systems in Vercelli (Italy). J. Env. Management. 90:1512-1522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.10.006
  2. http://soil.rda.go.kr/soil/sibi/sibiPrescript.jsp.
  3. Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center of Korea. 2014. Report on Greenhouse Gas Inventory of 2013. 185-213.
  4. Hwang, S. J. 2003. Practical introduction of LCA (Translated). Sigmapress. 50-51 (In Korean).
  5. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 1996. The Revised 1996 IPCC Guideline for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
  6. ISO (International Organization for Standardization), ISO 14040: 2006 (E) Environmental management - Life cycle assessment- Principles and Framework.
  7. Jung, S.C., D.B. Lee, J.W. Jeong, and J. Huh. 2012. Carbon emission of customizes fertilizer (No. 16) and comparison with single fertilizer. Journal of the Korean Society for Life Cycle Assessment. 13(1):109-119 (In Korean with English abstract).
  8. Kim, G.Y., K.A. Rho, G.M. Shim, H.C. Jeong, G.H. So, B.G. Ko, K.B. Lee, and J.Y. Ko. 2009. Paddy rice cultivation practice for mitigation GHGs. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration. 72-74 (In Korean).
  9. Kim, G.Y., G.H. So, H.C. Jeong, S.B. Lee, and G.M. Shim. 2011. Upland crop cultivation practice for mitigation GHGs. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration. 27-29 (In Korean).
  10. Korea Crop Protection Association. 2007A. Annual report on agro-chemicals (In Korean).
  11. Korea Crop Protection Association. 2007B. Usage guideline for agro-chemicals (In Korean).
  12. Korea Environment Cooperation. 2007. Survey on wastes from agricultural materials (In Korean).
  13. Lee, D.B. and G.M. Shim. 2012. How to strength competence of agriculture to confront climate change. 25 Experts give solution to confront climate change (Book). Geobook. 494-495 (In Korean).
  14. Lee, D.B., S.C. Jung, G.H. So, J.W. Jeong, H.C. Jeong, G.Y. Kim, and G.M. Shim. 2012. Evaluation of mitigation technologies and footprint of carbon in unhulled rice production. Climate Change Research. 3(2):129-142.
  15. Lee, Y.J., S.S. Kang, and D.B. Lee. 2013. Fertilizer Recommendation Program of Heuk-To-Ram (Book). National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration (In Korean).
  16. Ministry of Agriculture and Forest. 2001. Survey on wastes of agri-materials in protected agriculture and effective management system (In Korean with English abstract).
  17. Ministry of Agriculture. Food and Rural Affairs. 2014. Regulation for certification of Low carbon agro-products. 2014-18, Announcement of Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs No. 2014-18 (In Korean).
  18. Oh, Y.B., Y.D. Yoon, R.K. Park, and Y.H. Kwag. 1989. Effect of sideband placement under rice transplanting cultivation. 1. Effect of sideband placement by fertilizer kind. Report of RDA (Paddy rice) 31(4):49-55 (In Korean with English abstract)).
  19. Rural Development Administration. 2008. Income reference of agro-products in 2007(book). White radish, Chinese cabbage, Chive (In Korean).
  20. Ryu, J.H. and K.H. Kim. 2011, Application of LCA Methodology on Lettuce Cropping Systems in Protected Cultivation. J. Kor. Soc. Soil and Fertilizer. 43(5):583-593.
  21. So, K.H., G.Z. Lee, G.Y. Kim, H.C. Jeong, J.H. Ryu, J.A. Park, and D.B. Lee. 2010. Estimation of Carbon Emission and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) from Soybean (Glycine max L.) Production System. J. Kor. Soc. Soil and Fertilizer. 43(6):898-903.
  22. So, K.H., J.A. Park, J. Huh, K.M. Shim, J.H. Ryu, G.Y. Kim, H.C. Jeong, and D.B. Lee. 2010. Estimation of Carbon Emission and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) from Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Production System. J. Kor. Soc. Soil and Fertilizer. 43(6):904-910.
  23. So, K.H., G.Z. Lee, G.Y. Kim, H.C. Jeong, J.H. Ryu, J.A. Park, and D.B. Lee. 2010. Estimation of Carbon Emission and LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) From Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Production System. J. Kor. Soc. Soil and Fertilizer. 43(6):892-897.
  24. So, K.H., J.H. Ryu, K.M. Shim, G.Z. Lee, K.A. Roh, D.B. Lee, and J.A. Park. 2010. Estimation of Carbon Emission and Application of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) from Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Production System. J. Kor. Soc. Soil and Fertilizer. 43(6):606-611.
  25. Thomas, N. and K. Thomas. 2007. Life Cycle Inventories of Agricultural Production Systems Data v2.0. Ecoinvent report No. 15.
  26. Yang, C.H., C.H. Yoo, B.W. Shin, and S.W. Kang. 2006. Effect of band spotty fertilization for reduction of nitrogen fertilizer on Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) in plastic film mulching cultivation. Kortean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 39(2):95-101.
  27. Yun, S.Y., J.E. Jo, T.H. Kim, K.H. Kim, and B.H. Shon. 2011. LCI D/B and calculation of carbon footprint of agro-materials for organic farming. Mid-term Report of research supported Rural Development Administration (In Korean with English abstract).

Cited by

  1. Development of 'Carbon Footprint' Concept and Its Utilization Prospects in the Agricultural and Forestry Sector vol.17, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.4.358