Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society

Korean Data Analysis Society (한국자료분석학회)
권호 표지

The Effects of Positive Psychology Group Counseling Program on Depression, Hope and Optimism of Adolescent

긍정심리 집단상담 프로그램이 청소년의 우울과 희망 및 낙관성에 미치는 효과

  • Received : 2013.09.04
  • Accepted : 2014.03.10
  • Published : 2014.04.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of positive psychology group counseling program for depression, hope and optimism of adolescent. The research design was planned as quasi-experimental study by applying a non-equivalent control group pre-and-post-test design. The participants for the study were 163 first grade students of K and J middle school in G city (experimental group 80, control group 83). The experimental group participated in the positive psychology group counseling program, and the control group did not participate in the program. Data were collected from May to July, 2011 and analyzed by chi-square test, t-test, and ANCOVA using SPSS/Win 18.0 version. Based on the results, the positive psychology group counseling program were effective in decreasing depression and increasing hope, hope agency thinking and optimism. In conclusion, it is expected that the positive psychology group counseling program will be used to prevent depression and to improve mental health of adolescent.

본 연구는 청소년에게 긍정심리 집단상담 프로그램을 실시하여 그 효과를 평가함으로써 청소년 정신건강증진과 정신건강 문제의 발생을 예방하기 위한 정신간호 중재 방안을 제시하기 위해 실시되었다. 연구 대상자는 G시에 위치한 K중학교와 J중학교 1학년을 대상으로 실험군 80명, 대조군 83명을 편의 표집하였다. 실험군은 Go, Kim, Kim(2009)이 개발한 멘탈 휘트니스(mental fitness) 청소년용 프로그램을 본 연구자가 수정 보완하여 구성한 긍정심리 집단상담 프로그램을 1회기 당 45분씩 주 1회 8주 동안 제공받았고, 대조군은 제공받지 않았다. 연구도구 중 우울은 BDI(Beck's depression inventory), 희망은 희망 특성 척도(trait hope scale), 낙관성 척도는 CASQ(children's attributional style questionnaire)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 수집된 자료분석을 위해 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 실수와 백분율, 카이제곱검정, t-검정 및 공분산분석(ANCOVA)으로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과, 긍정심리 집단상담 프로그램을 제공받은 실험군은 대조군보다 우울 점수가 낮아졌고, 총 희망 점수와 희망 주도적 사고가 향상되었으며 낙관성 점수는 높아졌지만 희망경로적 사고는 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Aspinwall, L. G., Taylor, S. E. (1992). Modeling cognitive adaptation: A longitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(6), 989-1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.989
  2. Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects, New York: Hoeber.
  3. Cheon, S. M., Park, W. M., Lee, Y. S., Cho, J. S. (2007). The relationship among parent-adolescent communication, anxiety, depression and peer relationship of the 5th and 6th grade, Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 9(4), 1901-1912. (in Korean).
  4. Dumas, J. E., Nilsen, W. J. (2003). Abnormal child and adolescent psychology, New York: Allyn and Bacon
  5. Go, Y. K., Kim, K. I., Kim, J. Y. (2009). Optimizing strategies for adolescent health behavior using message framing and mental fitness techniques, Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. (in Korean).
  6. Han, G. H., Min, Y. K. (2007). Relationships among children's optimism, motivation, self-efficacy, and academic achievement, Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 9(6), 3089-3101. (in Korean).
  7. Hong, H. J. (2012). The effects of positive psychology group counseling program on depression, hope and optimism of adolescents, Unpublished master's thesis, Chonnam National University, Gwangju. (in Korean).
  8. Hong, J. Y., Kim, J. N. (2013). The effect of group art therapy by positive psychology on self efficacy, depression, and emotional stability of middle school students in foster home, Korean Art Therapy Association, 20(2), 409-430. (in Korean).
  9. Jo, H. S., Kwon, Y. M. (2009). Validation of the DEQ-A, The Korean Journal of Development Psychology, 22(3), 145-167. (in Korea).
  10. Jung, M. N., Lee, C. S. (2011). A study on the research trends of youth hope, Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 18(3), 273-299. (in Korean).
  11. Kang, S. H., Kim, J. H. (2012). The relationships of prosocial behaviors, attribution, hope and moral intelligence of elementary school students, Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 14(4), 2097-2110. (in Korean).
  12. Kaslow, N. J., Tannenbaum, R. L., Seligman, M. E. (1978). The KASTAN: A children's attributional style questionnaire, Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
  13. Kim, J. S. (2008). The effect of optimism and pessimism on psychological adjustment and maladjustment in adolescents, Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 15(1), 271-299. (in Korean).
  14. Kim, Y. S. (2009). The effects of stress, coping, depression, hopelessness on suicide ideation in the adolescents, Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 11(4), 1907-1921. (in Korean).
  15. Kim, H. S., Min, S., Park, J., Kim, K. M., Ha, Y. J., Kim, E. A., Chung, S. J. (2009). The effect of praising activity program on hope and self-esteem of adolescents, The Journal of the Korean Society of School Health, 22(2), 61-72. (in Korean).
  16. Kim, T. H., Kim, J. H. (2004). The effects of hope and meaning of life on adolescents resilience, The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 16(3), 465-490. (in Korean).
  17. Kwon, S. M. (2008). Positive psychotherapy, Seoul: Hak Ji Sa.
  18. Lee, J. S., Myung, S. Y. (2008). A study on adolescents' anti-depressive coping behaviors according to their depression level, Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 15(6), 39-63. (in Korean).
  19. Lee, Y. H., Song, J. Y. (1991). A Study of the Reliability and the Validity of the BDI, SDS, and MMPI-D Scales, The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10(1), 99-113. (in Korean).
  20. Lim, Y. J. (2012). Efficacy of positive psychotherapy on college students with major depressive disorder, The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(3), 679-692. (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2012.31.3.003
  21. Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (2010). Youth white paper. (in Korean).
  22. Mufson, L., Dorta, K. P., Wickramaratne, P., Nomura, Y., Olfson, M., Weissman, M. M. (2004). A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents, Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 577-584. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.577
  23. Park, M. K., Lee, Y. S. (2011). The effects of the hope enhancement group counselling program on learning motivation and achievement goal orientation of the middle school students, The Korean Journal of Counselling, 12(2), 505-522. (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.12.2.201104.505
  24. Seligman, M. E. P. (1999). Learned optimism (Park, N. Y., Trans.), Seoul: Origin.
  25. Seligman, M. E. P., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive Psychology: An introduction, American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  26. Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy, American Psychologist, 61(8), 744-788.
  27. Seligman, M. E. P., Reivich, K., Jaycox, L., Gillham, J. (1995). The optimistic child, NY: Harper Perennial.
  28. Seligman, M. E. P., Schulman, P., Tryon, A. M. (2007). Group prevention of depression and anxiety symptoms, Behavior Research and Therapy, 45(6), 1111-1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.09.010
  29. Sheldon, K. M., King, L. (2001). Why positive psychology is necessary, American Psychologist, 56(3), 216-217. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.216
  30. Shin, H. S. (2005). Testing the mediating effect of coping in the relation of optimism and pessimism to psychological adjustment in adolescents, Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 12(3), 165-192. (in Korean).
  31. Shin, H. S., Gu, B. Y. (2001). Stress coping and its relationship to adjustment in Korean adolescents, Youth Counseling Psychology, 1(9), 189-225. (in Korean).
  32. Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measures of hope, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570-585. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570
  33. Snyder, C. R., Sympson, S. C., Ybasco, F. C., Borders, T. F., Babyak, M. A., Higgins, R. L. (1996). Development and validation of the state hope scale, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 321-335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.321
  34. Sung, M. H. (2012). The effects of a positive psychotherapy program on depression, self-esteem and school adjustment of depressive elementary school students, The Korean Journal of East West Science, 15(1), 43-58. (in Korean).
  35. Yang, Y. J., Chung, K. M. (2008). The effect of the mother's parenting attitudes on adolescent depression: The mediating role of avoidant emotion regulation and emotion clarity, The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27(3), 669-688. (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2008.27.3.006