Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Technology (한국환경기술학회지)

Korean Society for Environmental Technology (한국환경기술학회)
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Depositional Characteristics and Correction Method of Concentraion of Atmospheric PBDEs Deposited on Pine Needles

대기 중 폴리브롬화디페닐에테르의 소나무 잎 침착 특성과 농도 보정법

  • Chun, Man-Young (Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Hankyong National University)
  • Received : 2014.07.05
  • Accepted : 2014.08.08
  • Published : 2014.08.30
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Abstract

The pine needles are used as passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). They are able to estimate atmospheric PBDEs concentrations. However, it is possible to reach an erroneous conclusion in the case of wrong sampling or unreasonable calculation method of concentrations. This study was carried out to investigate the depositional characteristics and calculation concentrations of atmospheric PBDEs using three species of pine needles which have different length of needles, and different exposure time in the atmosphere. In addition, the study will provide guidelines to reduce error due to wrong sampling and calculation concentrations. The surface area per wet weight ($mm^2/g$ wet) of pine needles were inversely proportional to length. The total PBDEs concentrations deposited in pine needles were proportional to the surface area per wet weight in all three species of pine needles. Nevertheless, the fractions of each BDE congener concentration distributed in the total PBDEs concentration in three species of pine needles were similar. This means that PBDEs concentrations depend on the surface area and length of pine needles, not on the species of pine trees. PBDEs in the atmosphere were accumulated in pine needles. The rate of increase in concentration of lower substituted PBDEs (tri- through hepta-) was linear. The rate of increase of the higher substituted PBDEs (octa- through deca-) was also liner in 16 months-old pine needles and younger, but the concentration rather decreased in older pine needles. Therefore, in order to use pine needles as PAS of atmospheric PBDEs, it is reasonable to calculate the concentration deposited on pine needles per wet surface area or to correct concentrations per dry weight with average length. Furthermore, it must be sampled less than 16 months-old needles are recommended for use to reduce error by wrong sampling.

소나무 잎은 대기 중 폴리브롬화디페닐에테르(PBDEs)의 수동공기채취기(PAS)로 이용되므로 소나무잎 중 PBDEs 농도를 이용하여 공기 중 PBDEs 농도를 추산할 수 있다. 이 연구는 잎의 길이와 대기에 노출된 기간이 서로 다른 소나무 잎을 이용하여 대기 중 PBDEs가 소나무 잎에 침착되는 특성을 규명하고 여기에 근거하여 PAS용으로 소나무 잎을 올바르게 채취하는 방법과 농도 계산법을 연구하여 시료채취와 농도 계산에 의한 오차를 줄이기 위하여 수행되었다. 소나무 잎에 침착된 대기 중 PBDEs 농도는 수종 차이가 아니라 단위 습무게 당 표면적 또는 잎의 길이에 의존하였다. 대기 중에서 가스상 분율이 높은 hepta-BDEs 이하 저브롬화 PBDEs는 소나무 잎에 누적침착이 일어났으며 누적침착율은 분자량이 커질수록 낮았다. 입자상 분율이 높은 octa-BDEs 이상 고브롬화 PBDEs는 대기 노출기간이 16개월까지는 누적침착이 일어났지만 그 이상 대기에 노출된 잎의 침착농도는 오히려 더 낮았다. 그러므로 소나무 잎에 침착된 대기 중 PBDEs 농도는 잎의 표면적당 농도로 계산하거나 건무게당 농도를 잎의 평균 길이를 이용하여 보정하여야 하고 대기 노출기간이 16개월 이하인 잎을 채취하여야 시료채취와 농도 계산에 의한 오차를 줄일 수 있어 신뢰성 있는 자료를 확보할 수 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한경대학교

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