Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Effects of aged garlic extract and endurance exercise on skeletal muscle FNDC-5 and circulating irisin in high-fat-diet rat models

  • Seo, Dae Yun (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University) ;
  • Kwak, Hyo Bum (Department of Kinesiology, Inha University) ;
  • Lee, Sung Ryul (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University) ;
  • Cho, Yeun Suk (Department of Physical Education, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Song, In-Sung (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University) ;
  • Kim, Nari (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University) ;
  • Bang, Hyun Seok (Division of Humanities and Social Science, POSTECH) ;
  • Rhee, Byoung Doo (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University) ;
  • Ko, Kyung Soo (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University) ;
  • Park, Byung Joo (Division of Leisure & Sports Science, Dongseo University) ;
  • Han, Jin (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University)
  • Received : 2013.12.27
  • Accepted : 2014.02.07
  • Published : 2014.04.01
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Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Irisin, a newly identified hormone, is associated with energy homeostasis. We investigated whether aged garlic extract (AGE) and exercise training intervention could improve body weight, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle fibronectin domain containing protein 5 (FNDC-5) levels, and plasma irisin in high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a ND (normal diet, n=5) or HFD (n=28) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups for the next 4 weeks: ND, (normal diet, n=5), HFD (high-fat diet, n=7), HFDA (high-fat diet + aged garlic extract, n=7), HFDE (high-fat diet + exercise, n=7), and HFDEA (high-fat diet + exercise + aged garlic extract, n=7). Exercise groups performed treadmill exercises for 15-60 min, 5 days/week, and AGE groups received AGE (2.86 g/kg, orally injected) for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Significant decreases in body weight were observed in the ND, HFDE, and HFDEA groups, as compared with the HFD group. Neither intervention affected the masses of the gastrocnemius muscle or liver. There were no significant differences in glucose levels across the groups. The homeostatic model assessments of insulin resistance were significantly higher in the HFD group, as compared with the ND, HFDA, HFDE, and HFDEA groups. However, skeletal muscle FNDC-5 levels and plasma irisin concentrations were unaffected by AGE or exercise in obese rats. AGE supplementation and exercise training did not affect skeletal muscle FNDC-5 or plasma irisin, which are associated with insulin sensitivity in obese rats. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the protection against HFD-induced increases in body fat/weight and insulin resistance that are provided by AGE supplementation and exercise training may not be mediated by the regulation of FNDC-5 or irisin.

Keywords

References

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