Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
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Production of Set-type Yogurt Fortified with Peptides and γ-aminobutyric acid by Mixed Fermentation Using Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis

혼합발효를 통한 γ-aminobutyric acid와 펩타이드가 강화된 호상 요구르트 제조

  • Lim, Jong-Soon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University) ;
  • Lee, Sam-Pin (Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University)
  • Received : 2013.10.21
  • Accepted : 2013.12.31
  • Published : 2014.04.30
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Abstract

Mixed fermentation of cow milk was performed by sequential co-cultures with Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis. After a first fermentation step with B. subtilis for 6 h, the number of viable cells increased to $2.5{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL. The second fermentation step with L. lactis resulted in increased viable cells $1.09{\times}10^{10}$ CFU/mL for 3 days and increased acidity. However, the number of viable B. subtilis cells was decreased greatly to $5{\times}10^1$ CFU/mL following fermentation with L. lactis. Milk proteins were markedly hydrolyzed by the first fermentation after 2 h, and the second fermentation induced curd formation in milk. However, after 4 h, the first fermentation resulted in higher whey separation and 80 mg% tyrosine content. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production was dependent upon the degree of protein hydrolysis by first fermentation. Second fermentation resulted in 0.14% GABA. The milk fermented by B. subtilis indicated the rough surface of yogurt depended upon the degree of protein hydrolysis. In conclusion, set-type yogurt was efficiently produced by co-culturing of milk, and fortifying with peptides, GABA, and probiotics.

시판 우유를 이용하여 고초균과 젖산균의 혼합발효에 의한 호상 요구르트 제조에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 우유 원료를 6시간 동안 고초균 발효를 통해서 고초균 생균수가 초기 $6.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/mL에서 $2.5{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL로 증가되었다. 2차 젖산균 발효시에 생균수 증가 및 산 생성능이 촉진되었으며, 발효 1일 후에 젖산균 생균수 $3.03{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL을 나타내었으며, 고초균은 $4.67{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL로 감소하였다. 단백질 카제인은 1시간 동안 1차 고초균 발효에 의해서 급격하게 가수분해되어 저분자 펩타이드로 전환되었으며, 2차 젖산균 발효시에 유청분리가 최소화되면서 커드형성이 우수하였다. 초기 3시간까지 고초균 발효시에 젖산균에 의해 커드형성능이 양호하였으며, 그 이상의 고초균 발효는 우유의 커드형성을 지연시켰다. 특히 4시간 발효물은 심한 유청분리 현상과 함께 tyrosine 함량이 급격히 증가되어 80 mg% 수준을 나타내었다. 1차 고초균 발효를 수행한 경우에 2차 젖산균 발효에 의한 GABA 생산이 증진되었다. 호상 요구르트 커드의 표면구조는 1차 고초균 발효가 진행될수록 거친 표면적을 나타내었으며, 결론적으로 1차 고초균 발효 3시간, 2차 젖산발효 3일 동안 수행한 경우에 산도 0.92%, pH 4.34, tyrosine 함량 47.39 mg%, GABA 함량이 0.07%로 생성되었다. 우유에 고초균 발효를 단기간 수행함으로서 우유 단백질의 부분 가수분해에 의해서 2차 젖산균 발효시에 균의 생육을 촉진하여 산생성능이 우수하여 호상 요구르트 제조가 용이하였으며, 펩타이드, GABA, probiotics 등이 강화된 호상 요구르트를 제조할 수 있었다.

Keywords

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