DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A comparison study of hygiene status in meals for poorly-fed children through microbiological analysis

결식아동이 이용하는 도시락의 미생물 검사를 통한 위생 상태 비교.분석

  • Yu, Ok-Kyeong (Department of Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Suk (Department of Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Byun, Moon-Sun (Department of Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Mina (Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Cha, Youn-Soo (Department of Obesity Research Center, Chonbuk National University)
  • 유옥경 (전북대학교부설 비만연구센터) ;
  • 김현숙 (전북대학교부설 비만연구센터) ;
  • 변문선 (전북대학교부설 비만연구센터) ;
  • 김민아 (전북대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 차연수 (전북대학교부설 비만연구센터)
  • Received : 2014.05.15
  • Accepted : 2014.06.13
  • Published : 2014.06.30

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess hygiene status of meals for poorly-fed children through microbiological quality. Methods: Meals were provided by two social enterprises, one franchise, and one convenience store. There were a total of six meal samples; two samples (social enterprise meal 1; SEM 1, social enterprise meal 2; SEM 2) from two social enterprises, respectively, two samples (franchise meal 1; FM 1, franchise meal 2; FM 2) from one franchise, and two samples (convenience store meal 1; CSM 1, convenience store meal 2; CSM 2) from one convenience store. Microbiological analysis and assessment were performed by Korean food standards codex (KFSC). Results: General bacteria and E. coli in SEM 1 were detected, but the levels were not over KFSC, and Coliform less than $9.2{\times}10$ CFU/g was also detected in seasoned bean sprouts of SEM 1. General bacteria was detected at $1.6{\times}10^6$ CFU/g in cabbage kimchi of SEM 2. Coliform was detected in cabbage kimchi, squid cutlet, stir-fried pork, and fried chicken of FM1 and 2, but the levels were not over KFSC. In addition, S. aureus was detected in cabbage kimchi and seasoned dried white radish of FM 1 and 2 ($9.8{\times}10^2$ CFU/g, $9.4{\times}10^3$ CFU/g respectively), thus was over KFSC. B. cereus was detected in stir-fried pork and fried chicken ($1.2{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, $1.5{\times}10^3$ CFU/g respectively) of FM 1 and 2, thus was over KFSC. Finally, S. aureus was detected in stir-fried dried squid, seasoned spicy chicken, and stir-fried kimchi of CSM 1 and 2, and was over KFSC too ($9.5{\times}10^4$ CFU/g, $2.4{\times}10^2$ CFU/g, $1.3{\times}10^3$ CFU/g respectively). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that systemic management of hygiene is necessary to safely providing meals to poorly-fed children.

본 연구는 결식아동 대상의 도시락을 생산하는 사회적기업 도시락 2종류와 상업용 도시락 중 프랜차이즈 업체 도시락 2종류, 편의점 도시락 2종류의 미생물검사를 통한 위생 상태를 비교 분석하여 평가하였고 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1) 일반세균수 및 오염지표군 분석 결과 E. coli는 모든 시료에서 불검출 되었다. SEM 1의 콩나물무침에서 대장균군이 < $9.2{\times}10$ CFU/g 검출되어 식품공전 검사규격에 부적합한 수준이었으며, SEM 2의 경우 비가열 식품인 호박샐러드와 김치에서 각각 대장균군과 일반세균이 < $1.2{\times}10^2$ CFU/g와 $1.6{\times}10^6$ CFU/g으로 검사규격보다 초과되는 양이 검출되었다. FM 1과 2에서도 오징어가스 ($1.4{\times}10$ CFU/g)와 돈까스 ($1.4{\times}10^4$ CFU/g), 후라이드치킨 ($6{\times}10^3$ CFU/g), 김치 (< $4{\times}10$ CFU/g)에서 식품공전 검사규격 초과량의 대장균군이 검출 되었으며, 특히 후라이드치킨에서는 일반세균수 또한 $6.2{\times}10^5$ CFU/g으로 검사규격을 초과하여 검출되었다. CSM 1과 2에서는 가열 비가열조리식품 모두에서 대장균군이 검출되지 않았으나 가열조리식품 중 돼지갈비와 오징어채, 양념치킨, 김치에서는 일반세균이 검출되었으나 검사규격에는 미만인 수치였다. 2) 6개 도시락 시료의 식중독균을 분석한 결과 모든 시료에서 Salmonella spp.와 V. parahaemolyticus는 검출되지 않았다. SEM 1의 경우 비가열조리식품 중 콩나물무침에서 B. cereus가 < 9.2 CFU/g 검출되었으나 검사규격에 위반되지 않았고, SEM 2에서는 비가열조리식품 중 김치에서 S. aureus가 $4.8{\times}10$ CFU/g 검출되었으나 검사규격에는 미만인 수치였다. FM 1과 2의 경우 비가열조리식품 중 김치와 무말랭이에서 S. aureus가 각각 $9.8{\times}10^2$ CFU/g, $9.4{\times}10^3$ CFU/g로 검출되어 검사규격에 위반되었고, B. cereus도 가열조리식품 중 돼지불고기와 후라이드치킨에서 각각 $1.2{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, $1.5{\times}10^3$ CFU/g으로 다량 검출되어 부적합한 수치였다. CSM 1과 2에서는 오징어채와 양념치킨, 볶은 김치에서 S. aureus가 각각 $9.5{\times}10^4$ CFU/g, $2.4{\times}10^2$ CFU/g, $1.3{\times}10^3$ CFU/g로 다량 검출되어 검사규격에 위반되었다. 3) 본 연구는 결식아동들에게 제공되고 있는 사회적기업의 도시락과 결식아동들이 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 프랜차이즈 도시락, 편의점 도시락에 대한 미생물 검사를 실시하여 각 도시락의 위생 상태를 비교 평가하고자 수행 되었으며, 연구 결과를 통해 결식아동들에게 제공되는 도시락의 미생물 안전성을 확인하고 도시락의 위생관리 및 유통기간 설정 등에 활용 가능한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 4) 미생물 검사 결과 식중독균에 대해서는 사회적기업 도시락이 상업용 도시락보다 양호한 것으로 사료되나 일반세균 및 대장균군에서 부적합한 수준의 식품이 존재한 것으로 조사되어 이에 대한 체계적인 위생관리 시스템이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 결식아동들을 위한 도시락은 제조 완료와 섭취가 동시에 이루어지기 힘든 부분이 있어 추후 실질적으로 아동들에게 도시락이 전달된 직후의 도시락 위생 상태와 실제 섭취 전의 도시락 미생물 안전성 등에 대한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Park KS, Ha JH, Heo DJ. A research on improving the efficiency of government-funded meal support program for low-income children. Busan: Busan Women and Family Development Institute; 2012.
  2. Kwun HY, Kim JH, Lee HM. Beneficiaries' satisfaction, menu preference and dietary habits of lunch-box program provided to low-income families. Korean J Food Nutr 2011; 24(3): 320-328. https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2011.24.3.320
  3. Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. 2012 youth white paper. Seoul: Ministry of Gender Equality and Family; 2012.
  4. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Results data of Ministry of Health and Welfare. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2012.
  5. Moon JA, Yoo CH, Lee KE. Microbiological assessment of homedelivered meals for children from low-income families during production and delivery. J Korean Diet Assoc 2013; 19(3): 236-252. https://doi.org/10.14373/JKDA.2013.19.3.236
  6. Choi H, Kwon S, Yoon J. Government-funded meal support program for low-income children through convenience stores: current status and nutritional quality of available meal items in Seoul. Korean J Community Nutr 2011; 16(2): 253-264. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.2.253
  7. Yoon B, Yoon J, Shim JE, Kwon S. Current status of meal box service management for children from low-income families during summer vacation. Korean J Community Nutr 2009; 14(2): 206-215.
  8. Choi YD, Jung DH. A study on the efficient food service program to the poorly-fed children. Korean Acad Soc Welf Support 2007; 3(1): 1-24.
  9. Yang IS, Lee BS, Cha JA, Han KS, Chae IS, Lee JM. Foodservice in institutions, 3rd edition. Seoul: Kyomunsa; 2011.
  10. Kim HY, Oh SW, Chung SY, Choi SH, Lee JW, Yang JY, Seo EC, Kim YH, Park HO, Yang CY, Ha SC, Shin IS. An investigation of microbial contamination of ready-to-eat products in Seoul, Korea. Korean J Food Sci Technol 2011; 43(1): 39-44. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.1.039
  11. Korea Food and Drug Administration. Food borne outbreak for 2009 [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Food and Drug Administration; 2009 [cited 2014 May 13]. Available from: http://www.kfda.go.kr.
  12. Korea Food and Drug Administration. Food poisoning statistics system 2011 [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Food and Drug Administration; 2012 [updated 2012 May 15; cited 2014 May 13]. Available from: http://www.mfds.go.kr/e-stat/index.do.
  13. Lee HW. A study on inter-organizational service network for the primary school children in need. Korean J Soc Welf 2002; 49: 190-224.
  14. Kim J, Kwon S, Lee Y, Choi H, Yoon J. The current status of foodservice management in the restaurants participating in the government- funded children's model program in Korea during summer vacation. Korean J Community Nutr 2012; 17(2): 182-193. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.182
  15. Chae MJ, Bae HJ, Yoon JY. Consumption practices and selection attributes of the university students on ready-to-eat foods. J Foodserv Manage 2008; 11(2): 289-307.
  16. Lee JH. A survey on the consumption practices of ready-to-eat foods and quality management standards of kimbab implementing HACCP system [dissertation]. Gyeongsan: Daegu University; 2011.
  17. Korea Food and Drug Administration. 2010 Korean food standards codex [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Food and Drug Administration; 2011 [cited 2014 May 13]. Available from: http://www. kfda.go.kr.
  18. Kim HK, Lee HT, Kim JH, Lee SS. Analysis of microbiological contamination in ready-to-eat foods. J Food Hyg Saf 2008; 23(4): 285-290.
  19. Jung DS, Shin DH, Jung DH, Kim CM, Lee IS. Food hygienics. Seoul: Jungmoonkak; 2002.
  20. Kim HJ, Hwang YI, Lee SC. Inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of Escherichia coli. J Basic Sci 2004; 19: 113-117.
  21. Frazier WC, Westhoff DC. Food microbiology, 4th edition. New York (NY): McGrow-Hill Book, Inc.; 1988.
  22. Moon HK, Jean JY, Kim CS. Effect of sanitization on raw vegetables not heated in foodservice operations. J Korean Diet Assoc 2004; 10(4): 381-389.
  23. Hong WS, Yoon JY, Choi EH, Lee KE, Bae HJ. Alternative food service industry's sanitation management and HACCP. Seoul: Baeksan; 2009.

Cited by

  1. Microbiological Quality and Safety Assessment of Salad in Lunchbox's according to the Holding Time and Temperature : Convenience and Franchise Stores vol.32, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.6.724
  2. Analysis of Microbial Contamination and Antibacterial Effect Associated with Toothbrushes vol.18, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2018.18.5.296
  3. 대구지역 어린이급식관리지원센터 지원 일부 어린이집 급식의 미생물적 품질 평가 vol.25, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.14373/jkda.2019.25.1.1