Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
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A Proposition on Landscape Restoration of Joseon Dynasty's Palace Gardens

조선시대 궁궐정원의 원형경관 복원을 위한 제안

  • Ahn, Gye-Bog (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Catholic University of Deagu) ;
  • Lee, Won-Ho (National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 안계복 (대구가톨릭대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 이원호 (문화재청 국립문화재연구소)
  • Received : 2014.09.04
  • Accepted : 2014.09.17
  • Published : 2014.09.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to define criteria for landscape restoration of palace gardens. The case study on Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung was used not only to evaluate effectiveness of the criteria, but also to propose solutions to issues of current restoration process of both palace gardens. Following three pairs of different concepts were chosen as criteria to determine on the original form: Diachrony vs. Synchrony, Originality vs. Contemporary Characteristics, and Invariance vs. Deformability. Gyeongbokgung has been restored based on its contemporary characteristics of Year 1888 and the main focus is on its architectural features rather than both architecture and landscape. However, in-depth complementary work on landscape restoration is necessary to restore its originality in Year 1395 such as analyzing photos of Gyeongbokgung taken in modern era. In case of Changdeokgung, we analyzed separately by region or landmark such as Jondeok-Pavilion(尊德亭), Yeonkyung-Hall(演慶堂), and Okryu-Stream(玉流川). Original form of Jondeok-Pavilion Area was changed in 1884. Since diachronic invariance that lasted for 240 years is more important criterion than its contemporary characteristics, it should be restored as how it was painted in Donggwoldo(東闕圖). In Yeonkyung-Hall Area, both original characteristics at the time of Hyomyung Crown Prince and contemporary characteristics of Emperor Kojong Era appear. Therefore, different solution is required for such area to be restored appropriately. Starting from era of King Injo(1636), diachrony and invariance of Okryu-Stream Area were continued throughout the era of King Sukjong and King Jeongjo(1800). It is more than 250 years before Okryu-Stream Area was altered under the rule of Emperor Kojong in 1884. In fact, alterations made to Okryu-Stream Area after 1884 doesn't hold much significance. Therefore, water landscape of Okryu-Stream Area, which was altered in the era of Emperor Kojong, needs to be restored based on Donggwoldo.

본 연구는 궁궐의 원형 복원문제와 관련된 논리적 판단의 준거들을 추출하고, 이를 경복궁과 창덕궁에 적용시켜 봄으로써, 그 효용성을 확인하는데 있다. 또한 궁궐의 원형 복원의 문제점들에 대한 해결 방향을 제안하는데 의의가 있다. 우선 원형을 판단하기 위한 준거로는 "통시성과 공시성, 시원성과 시대성, 불변성과 변형성"의 6 개념을 추출하였다. 현재 경복궁은 1888년을 시대성 기준으로 복원하고 있지만, 1395년의 시원성을 갖는 원형에 주목할 필요성이 있다. 또한 현재 경복궁의 복원은 건물 위주로 복원하고 있지만, 추후 연구에서는 근대 촬영된 경복궁 사진을 밑바탕으로 경복궁의 원형경관이 복원될 수 있도록 더 많은 노력이 필요하다. 창덕궁 존덕정 일원은 약 240년 동안 통시적 불변성을 지닌 원형이 1884년경에 변형된 것이다. 1884년이라는 시대성보다는 통시적 불변성을 더 중요하므로 동궐도의 원형대로 복원되어야 한다. 창덕궁 연경당 일원 원형에 대한 문제는 효명세자의 시원적 원형과 고종 때의 시대적 원형이 동일한 지역에 중복적으로 나타나는 지역이므로 복원을 위해서는 새로운 해결 방안을 모색하여야 한다. 옥류천 지역은 1636년(인조 14년)에 시작하여 숙종, 정조를 거치면서 적어도 1884년(고종 21년)까지 약 250년간 불변성(不變性)과 통시성이 돋보이는 원형이다. 1884년 이후 옥류천 지역에 이루어진 변형은 의미를 찾을 수가 없다. 따라서 옥류천 지역의 원형 회복을 위해서는 동궐도를 기준으로 변형된 경관을 복원해야만 한다. 그 밖에 옥류천을 건너는 다리, 샘, 담장, 초가들도 동궐도 기준으로 원형을 복원해야만 한다.

Keywords

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