Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts

Korean Association of Child Studies (한국아동학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Paternal Behaviors and Adolescents' Academic Motivation at Low, Moderate, and High Levels of Students' Achievement in Mainland China

  • Cho, Won Jee (Seoul National University) ;
  • Bush, Kevin R. (Miami University) ;
  • Xia, Yan (University of Nebraska) ;
  • Wilson, Stephan M. (Oklahoma State University) ;
  • Li, Wenzhen (University of Nevada) ;
  • Peterson, Gary W. (Miami University)
  • Received : 2014.08.06
  • Accepted : 2014.08.20
  • Published : 2014.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine group differences in paternal behaviors (i.e., paternal connection, paternal punitiveness, and paternal knowledge) within and across three academic achievement levels-low, moderate, and high, and to explore the effects of paternal behaviors on the academic motivation of Chinese adolescents within these three achievement groups. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) indicated that adolescents with low achievement perceived their fathers as more punitive than teens with moderate and high academic achievement. Regression analyses also revealed that paternal punitiveness (negative) and paternal knowledge (positive) were significant predictors of academic motivation for teens with low levels of academic achievement; while paternal punitiveness was a significant negative predictor of academic motivation among adolescents with moderate achievement. In contrast, for adolescents with high achievement, paternal connection was a positive significant predictor of academic motivation. The present findings provide some evidence that the impact of parental behaviors on teen's motivation varies across adolescent academic achievement levels, which may prove useful for professionals working with fathers to help target the most effective parenting behaviors to foster academic motivation.

Keywords

References

  1. Allen, J. P., Hauser, S. T., Bell, K. L., & O'Connor, T. G. (1994). Longitudinal assessment of autonomy and relatedness in adolescent-family interactions as predictors of adolescent ego development and selfesteem. Child Development, 65, 179-194. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131374
  2. Amato, P. R., & Fowler, F. (2002). Parenting practices, child adjustment, and family diversity. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 703-716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00703.x
  3. Ang, R. P. (2006). Effects of parenting style on personal and social variables for Asian adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 503-511. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.503
  4. Asakawa, K. (2001). Family socialization practices and their effects on the internalization of educational values for Asian and White American adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 5(3), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532480XADS0503_6
  5. Aunola, K., Stattin, H., & Nurmi, J. (2000). Adolescents' achievement strategies, school adjustment, and externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. Journal and Youth and Adolescence, 29(3), 289-306. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005143607919
  6. Barber, B. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revising a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296-3319. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131780
  7. Bean, R. A., Barber, B. K., & Crane, D. R. (2006). Parental support, behavioral control, and psychological control among African American Youth: The relationships to academic grades, delinquency, and depression. Journal of Family Issues, 27(10), 1335-1355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X06289649
  8. Bean, R. A., Bush, K. R., McKenry, P. C., & Wilson, S. M. (2003). The impact of parental support, behavioral control, and psychological control on the academic achievement and self-esteem of African American and European American Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18(5), 523-541. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558403255070
  9. Bush, K. R. (2000). Separatedness and connectedness in the parent-adolescent relationship as predictors of adolescent selfesteem in US and Chinese samples. Marriage & Family Review, 30, 153-177. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v30n01_10
  10. Bush, K. R., & Peterson, G. W. (2008). Family influences on childhood development. In T. P. Gullotta (Ed.), Handbook of Childhood Behavior Issues (pp. 43-67). New York: Taylor & Francis.
  11. Bush, K. R., & Peterson, G. W. (2013). Parentchild relationships in diverse contexts. In G. W. Peterson & K. R. Bush (Eds.), Handbook of Marriage and Family (3rd ed.) (pp. 275-302). New York: Springer.
  12. Bush, K. R., Peterson, G. W., Cobas, J. A., & Supple, A. J. (2002). Adolescents' perceptions of parental behaviors as predictors of adolescent self-esteem in Mainland China. Sociological Inquiry, 72(4), 503-526. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-682X.00031
  13. Bush, K. R., Supple, A. J., & Lash, S. B. (2004). Mexican adolescents' perceptions of parental behaviors and authority as predictors of their self-esteem and sense of familism. Marriage & Family Review, 36(1), 35-65. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v36n01_03
  14. Chen, J. J. (2005). Relation of academic support from parents, teachers, and peers to Hong Kong adolescents' academic achievement: The mediating role of academic engagement. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 131(2), 77-127. https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.131.2.77-127
  15. Chen, X., Dong, Q., & Zhou, H. (1997). Authoritative and authoritarian parenting practices and social and school performance in Chinese children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21(4), 855-873. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502597384703
  16. Chen, X., Liu, M., & Li, D. (2000). Parental warmth, control, and indulgence and their relations to adjustment in Chinese children: A longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 14(3), 401-419. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.14.3.401
  17. Dornbusch, S., Ritter, P., Liederman, D., Roberts, D., & Fraleigh, M. (1987). The relationship of parenting style to adolescent school performance. Child Development, 58, 1244-1257. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130618
  18. Duchesne, S., & Larose, S. (2007). Adolescent parental attachment and academic motivation and performance in early adolescence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37(7), 1501-1521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00224.x
  19. Ginsburg, G. S., & Bronstein, P. (1993). Family factors related to children's intrinsic/extrinsic motivational orientation and academic performance. Child Development, 64(5), 1461-1474. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131546
  20. Goodman, S. H. (2002). Depressive symptoms and early adverse experiences. In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook of depressive symptoms (pp. 245-267). New York: Guilford Press.
  21. Grolnick, W. S., & Slowiaczek, M. L. (1994). Parents' involvement in children's schooling: A multidimensional conceptualization and motivational model. Child Development, 65, 237-252. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131378
  22. Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1991). Inner resources for school achievement: Motivational mediators of children's perceptions of their parents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 508-517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.83.4.508
  23. Heaven, P. C. L., & Newbury, K. (2004). Relationships between adolescent and parental characteristics and adolescents' attitudes to school and self-rated academic performance. Australian Journal of Psychology, 56(3), 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530412331283327
  24. Henry, C. S., Wilson, S. M., & Peterson, G. W. (1989). Paternal power bases and processes as predictors of adolescent conformity. Journal of Adolescent Research, 4(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/074355488941002
  25. Ho, D. Y. F. (1986). Chinese patterns of socialization: A critical review. In H. M. Bond (Ed.), The Psychology of Chinese People (pp. 1-37). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
  26. Ho, D. Y. F. (1987). Fatherhood in Chinese culture. In H. M. Bond (Ed.), The father's role: Cross-cultural perspectives (pp. 227-245). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  27. Ingoldsby, B., Schvanevldt, P., Supple, A., & Bush, K. (2003). The relationship between parenting behaviors and adolescent achievement and self-efficacy in Chile and Ecuador. Marriage & Family Review, 35(3), 139-159. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v35n03_08
  28. Jory, B., Rainbolt, E., Jeanne, T., Freeborn, A., & Greer, C. V. (1996). Communication patterns and alliances between parents and adolescents during a structured problemsolving task. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1996.0032
  29. Kenny, M. E., & Gallagher, L. A. (2002). Instrumental and social/relational correlates of perceived maternal and paternal attachment in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 25, 203-219. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2002.0461
  30. Kim, E. (2002). The relationship between parental involvement and children's educational achievement in the Korean immigrant family. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 33(4), 531-540.
  31. Kim, K., & Rohner, R. P. (2002). Parental warmth, control, and involvement in schooling: Predicting Academic achievement among Korean American adolescents. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(2), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033002001
  32. Kim, S., Brody, G. H., & Murry, V. M. (2003). Longitudinal links between contextual risks, parenting, and youth outcomes in rural African American families. Journal of Black Psychology, 29(4), 359-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798403256887
  33. Laible, D. J., & Carlo, G. (2004). The differential relations of maternal and paternal support and control to adolescent social competence, self-worth, and sympathy. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(6), 759-782. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558403260094
  34. Mau, W. (1997). Parental influences on the high school students' academic achievement: A comparison of Asian immigrants, Asian Americans, and white Americans. Psychology in the Schools, 34(3), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6807(199707)34:3<267::AID-PITS9>3.0.CO;2-L
  35. McBride-Chang, C., & Chang, L. (1998). Adolescent-parent relationship in Hong Kong: Parenting styles, emotional autonomy, and school achievement. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159(4), 421-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221329809596162
  36. Okagaki, L., & Frensch, P. A. (1998). Parenting and children's school achievement: A multiethnic perspective. American Educational Research Journal, 35(1), 123-144. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312035001123
  37. Peterson, G. W., & Bush, K. R. (2013). Conceptualizing cultural influences on socialization: Comparing parent-adolescent relationship in the U.S. and Mexico. In G. W. Peterson & K. R. Bush (Eds.), Handbook of Marriage and Family (3rd ed.) (pp. 177-208). New York: Springer.
  38. Peterson, G. W., & Hann, D. (1999). Socializing parents and families. In M. Sussman, S. K. Steinmetz, & Peterson, G. W. (Eds.), Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 471-506). New York: Plenum Press.
  39. Peterson, G. W., Bush, K. R., & Supple, A. J. (1999). Predicting adolescent autonomy from parents: Relationship connectedness and restrictiveness. Sociological Inquiry, 69, 431-457. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1999.tb00880.x
  40. Peterson, G. W., Rollins, B. C., & Thomas, D. L. (1985). Parental influence and adolescent conformity: Compliance and internalization. Youth and Society, 16, 397-420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X85016004001
  41. Plunkett, S. W., & Bamaca-Gomez, M. Y. (2003). The relationship between parenting, acculturation, and adolescent academics in Mexican-origin immigrant families in Los Angeles. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 25(2), 222-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986303025002005
  42. Repinski, D. J., & Shonk, S. M. (2002). Mothers' and fathers' behavior, adolescents' self-representations, and adolescents' adjustment: A mediational model. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22(4), 357-383. https://doi.org/10.1177/027243102237188
  43. Russell, G., & Russell, A. (1987). Mother-child and father-child relationships in middle childhood. Child Development, 58, 1573-1585. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130696
  44. Salazar, L. P., Schludermann, S. M., Schludermann, E. H., & Huynh, C. L. (2000). Filipino adolescents' parental socialization for academic achievement in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15(5), 564-586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558400155003
  45. Sanders, C. E., Field, T. M., & Diego, M. A. (2001). Adolescents' academic expectations and achievement. Adolescence, 36, 795-802.
  46. Shek, D. T. L. (1995). Perceptions of parental treatment of Chinese adolescents: Are Chinese fathers stricter and less kind than the mothers? Journal of Genetic Psychology, 156, 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1995.9914815
  47. Shek, D. T. L. (1998). Adolescents' perceptions of paternal and maternal parenting styles in a Chinese Context. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 132(5), 527-537. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989809599285
  48. Shek, D. T. L. (2000). Differences between fathers and mothers in the treatment of, and relationship with, their teenage children: Perceptions of Chinese adolescents. Adolescence, 35, 135-146.
  49. Shek, D. T. L., Lee, T. Y., & Chan, L. K. (1998). Perceptions of parenting styles and parent-adolescent conflict in adolescents with low academic achievement in Hong Kong. Social Behavior and Personality, 26(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1998.26.1.89
  50. Shu, M., Liu, R., & Wang, J. (2001). Controlled study on behavior problems, family factors and parental rearing styles in students with poor academic achievement. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 15(6), 391-393.
  51. Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S. D., Dornbusch, S. M., & Darling N. (1992). Impact of parenting practices on adolescent achievement: Authoritative parenting, school involvement, and encouragement to succeed. Child Development, 63, 1266-1281. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131532
  52. Supple, A. J., Peterson, G. W., & Bush, K. R. (2004). Assessing the validity of parenting measures in a sample of Chinese. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(3), 539-544. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.18.3.539
  53. Supple, A. J., & Small, S. A. (2006). The influence of parental support, knowledge, and authoritative parenting on Hmong and European American adolescent development. Journal of Family Issues, 27(9), 1214-1232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X06289063
  54. Vazsonyi, A. T., Hibbert, J. R., & Snider, J. B. (2003). Exotic enterprise no more? Adolescent reports of family and parenting processes from youth in four countries. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13, 129-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.1302001
  55. Wang, C., Xia, Y., Li, W., Wilson, S. M., Bush, K., & Peterson, G. (2014). Parenting behaviors, Adolescent depressive symptoms, and problem behaviors, and problem behavior: The role of self-esteem and school adjustment difficulties among Chines adolescents. Journal of Family Issues. doi:10.1177/0192513X14542433
  56. Yang, S., & Retting, K. D. (2003). The value tensions in Korean-American mother-child relationships while facilitating academic success. Personal Relationships, 10(3), 349-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6811.00054
  57. Yang, S., & Rettig, K. D. (2004). Korean-American mothers' experiences in facilitating academic success for their adolescents. Marriage & Family Review, 36(3), 53-74.

Cited by

  1. 학령 초기 자녀의 부모용 양육행동 척도 개발 및 타당화 vol.35, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2014.35.6.111