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Effects of Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Yukwa Added with 'Donganme' Sorghum Bran Powder and Extracts

수수겨 분말 및 추출물 첨가가 유과의 품질특성 및 항산화활성에 미치는 영향

  • 고지연 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 우관식 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 김정인 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 송석보 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 이재생 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 정미선 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 정태욱 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 윤영호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부) ;
  • 오인석 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성작물부)
  • Received : 2014.04.07
  • Accepted : 2014.06.18
  • Published : 2014.08.31

Abstract

This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of Yukwa added with 'Donganme' sorghum bran powder and its extracts. 'Donganme' variety has the highest antioxidant activity among sorghum varieties in Korea. The added contents of sorghum bran to Yukwa were 1% and 5% bran powder of 'Donganme' (BPD 1% and 5%) as well as 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% bran powder extracts of 'Donganme' (BED 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%). The contents of protein, ash, and minerals of BPD 1% and 5% added Yukwa were higher compared to non-added and BED 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% added Yukwa. The contents of flavonoids of BPD 1% and 5% as well as BED 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% added Yukwa increased by 1.6~17.1 fold, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities increased by 1.8~7.4 fold and 2.3~13.6 fold, respectively, compared to non-added Yukwa. Yukwa added with BED 1% showed the highest antioxidant activity among the treatments, followed by BPD 5%, BED 0.5%, BPD 1%, and BED 0.1% added Yukwa. The expansion ratios of BPD 5% and BED 1% added Yukwa remarkably decreased compared to those of non-added and other treatments. The sensory evaluation values corroborated the results of the Yukwa expansion ratio. The acid values of Yukwa under high temperature storage ($60{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) increased rapidly after 20 days in all treatments, and those of BPD 5% and 1% added Yukwa increased slowly compared to non-added Yukwa. ABTS radical scavenging activities of Yukwa showed little change during storage in all treatments. As a results, addition of sorghum bran below BPD 1% and BED 0.5% was suitable for antioxidant activity, quality characteristics and sensory evaluation.

수수의 건강기능성을 산업적 측면에서 더욱 효과적으로 이용하기 위하여 수수 품종 중 항산화활성이 높은 '동안메'에서 활성이 가장 높은 부위인 수수겨가 첨가된 유과의 이화학적 특성 변화를 평가하여 '동안메' 수수겨 첨가에 의한 기능성 증진 및 산패 억제 효과를 검토하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. '동안메' 수수겨 분말을 주정 100%로 추출한 뒤 동결건조를 통해 농축시킨 추출물과 수수겨 분말 자체를 찹쌀유과반대기에 첨가하였는데, 처리 수준은 수수겨 분말 1%, 5%로, 수수겨 추출물 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% 및 대조(찹쌀 100%)로 하였다. 유과의 단백질, 회분 및 무기성분 함량은 '동안메' 겨 추출물 및 대조구에 비하여 겨 분말의 첨가 시 증가하는 경향이었으며, 항산화성분인 유과 중 flavonoid 함량은 대조구에 비하여 '동안메' 겨 수수겨 1, 5% 및 수수겨 추출물 0.1, 0.5, 1% 첨가 시 1.6~17.1배, ABTS와 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 각각 1.8~7.4배, 2.3~13.6배 증가하였다. 가장 높은 항산화성분 및 활성을 나타낸 것은 '동안메' 수수겨추출물 1%가 첨가 시이며, 다음으로 겨 분말 5%, 겨 추출물 0.5%, 겨 분말 1%, 겨 추출물 0.1%의 순이었다. 색도와 팽화도로 유과의 품질 변화를 살려본 결과 수수겨가 첨가된 유과반대기 및 튀겨진 유과의 색도는 첨가물 함량이 증가할수록 명도는 감소하고 적색도 및 황색도는 증가하였으며, 팽화도는 수수겨 분말 1%, 수수겨 추출물 0.1%, 0.5%가 첨가된 경우 대조구와 크게 차이가 없었으나 수수겨 분말 5%, 수수겨 추출물 1% 첨가 시 현저히 감소되었다. 관능평가에서 전체적인 기호도는 팽화도와 마찬가지로 수수겨 5%, 수수겨 추출물 1% 첨가 시 현저히 감소하였으며 수수겨 추출물 0.5%를 첨가한 처리에서 가장 높게 나타나, 수수겨 분말 1%, 수수겨 추출물 0.1~0.5% 첨가로는 기호성에 나쁜 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수수겨 가루 및 추출물이 첨가된 유과의 고온저장 중 산가 및 항산화 활성 변화를 살펴본 결과 저장 20일부터 산가가 급격히 증가하였으며 대조구의 산가가 높게 나타나고 수수겨 분말 첨가 시 증가가 완만히 일어나는 경향이었다. ABTS 라디칼소거능은 산가와는 달리 저장기간의 경과에 따라 변화가 크게 나타나지 않았으며, 처리별로는 초기의 항산화활성 차이가 35일까지 계속 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 항산화성, 산가 변화 및 유과의 품질특성 등을 고려할 때 '동안메' 수수겨는 분말로서 1%, 추출물로서 0.5% 미만으로 유과에 첨가하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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