Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Vinegar Supplemented Added with Akebia quinata Fruit during Fermentation

으름 열매 식초의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성

  • Lee, Eun-Kyoung (Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology) ;
  • Kwon, Woo-Young (Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Won (Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology) ;
  • Yoon, Jin-A (Department of Food & Nutrition, Baewha Women's University) ;
  • Chung, Kang-Hyun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology) ;
  • Song, Byeong Chun (Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University) ;
  • An, Jeung Hee (Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University)
  • 이은경 (서울과학기술대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 권우영 (서울과학기술대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이지원 (서울과학기술대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 윤진아 (배화여자대학교 식품영양과) ;
  • 정강현 (서울과학기술대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 송병춘 (건국대학교 식품생명과학부) ;
  • 안정희 (건국대학교 식품생명과학부)
  • Received : 2014.03.13
  • Accepted : 2014.05.15
  • Published : 2014.08.31
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Abstract

This study investigated the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of vinegar added with different levels (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) of Akebia quinata fruit during two-step fermentation. The physicochemical properties of vinegar evaluated were pH, total acidity, alcohol, and total sugar and amino acid contents. The antioxidant activities were based on ABTS radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, and reducing power. During alcohol fermentation, total acidity and alcohol contents of vinegar increased, but total sugar contents decreased. During acid fermentation, total acidities of vinegar increased. Vinegar added with 7% A. quinata fruit showed the highest total sensory score. Total polyphenol contents of vinegar added with 0% and 1% A. quinata fruit were not significantly different. However, vinegar added with 3, 5, and 7% A. quinata fruit showed significantly higher total polyphenol contents of 136.6, 381.59, and 415.35 mg/100 g, respectively, after 13 days of fermentation. Further, total flavonoid contents of vinegar added with 0~7% A. quinata fruit significantly increased to 21.73, 15.79, 15.15, 26.19, and 26.87 mg/100 g, respectively, after 13 days of fermentation. In addition, tannin contents of vinegar added with 0~7% A. quinata fruit significantly increased to 0.2042, 0.2004, 0.1255, 0.1384, and 0.1255 mg/100 g, respectively, after 13 days of fermentation. Moreover, ABTS radical scavenging activities of vinegar added with 0~7% A. quinata fruit significantly increased to 5.87, 12.59, 25.63, 34.02, and 35.25, respectively, after 13 days of fermentation at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. Additionally, SOD-like activities of vinegar added with 0~7% A. quinata fruit significantly increased to 8.22, 17.49, 16.86, 16.89, and 15.68%, respectively, after 13 days of fermentation. Reducing power of 7% A. quinata fruit was 0.527 after 1 day and 1.539 at the end of fermentation. Our results demonstrate that antioxidant activity significantly increased during fermentation according to the content of A. quinata. Further, the total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents were shown to be closely related with antioxidant activities. Thus, A. quinata could be effectively used as a vinegar and functional food material based on its antioxidant activity.

본 연구에서는 으름 열매를 각각 0, 1, 3, 5 및 7%를 첨가하여 2단계 발효한 으름 열매 식초의 발효 중 이화학적 특성과 항산화 활성에 대하여 조사하였다. 식초의 이화학적 특성은 pH, 총산, 알코올, 총당, 아미노산으로 평가하였고, 항산화 활성은 $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ 라디칼 소거능, SOD 유사활성능, 환원력으로 평가하였다. 알코올 발효 중 총산과 알코올 함량은 증가하였고 총당 함량은 감소하였다. 초산 발효에서는 총산 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 관능검사 평가에서는 으름 열매 7% 첨가군에서 종합적 기호도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 발효 1일째보다 발효 13일째에 대조군과 으름 열매 첨가 1%에서는 총 폴리페놀 함량에 유의적 차이가 없었으나 으름 열매첨가군 3, 5, 7%에서 총 폴리페놀 함량이 각각 136.6, 381.59, 415.35 mg/100 g으로 유의적으로 증가됨을 볼 수 있었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 발효 1일째보다 발효 13일째에 대조군이 21.73 mg/100 g, 으름 열매 첨가군 1, 3, 5, 7%에서 각각 15.79, 15.15, 26.19, 26.87 mg/100 g으로 발효가 진행됨에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였고 으름 열매 첨가량에 따라서도 유의적으로 증가되었다. 탄닌의 함량도 발효 1일째보다 발효 13일째에 대조군이 0.2042 mg/100 g, 으름 열매 첨가군 1, 3, 5, 7%에서 각각 0.2004, 0.1255, 0.1384, 0.1255 mg/100 g으로 유의적으로 증가됨을 보였다. $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ 라디칼 소거 활성은 발효 1일째보다 발효 13일째에 5 mg/mL 농도에서 대조군이 5.87%, 으름 열매 첨가군 1, 3, 5, 7%에서 각각 12.59, 25.63, 34.02, 35.25%로 라디칼 소거능이 증가하였고, SOD 유사활성능도 5 mg/mL 농도에서 발효 1일째보다 발효 13일째에 대조군이 8.22%, 으름열매 첨가군 1, 3, 5, 7%에서 각각 17.49, 16.86, 16.89, 15.68% 증가하였다. 환원력은 으름 열매 첨가군 7%에서 발효 1일째에 0.527, 발효 13일째에 1.539로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과에서 항산화 활성은 발효가 진행되는 동안 증가하였고 으름 열매 첨가량에 따라서도 증가하였다. 으름 열매 식초가 발효됨에 따라 $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ 라디칼 소거능, SOD 유사활성능, 환원력이 증가하였으며 이것은 높은 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, 탄닌의 함량이 밀접하게 관여한 것으로 보인다. 그러므로 으름 열매의 높은 항산화 활성이 식초 및 기타 식품에서 기능성 소재로 이용될 것으로 보여준다.

Keywords

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