Journal of the Geological Society of Korea (지질학회지)

The Geological Society of Korea (대한지질학회)
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Geological modeling and simulations of $CO_2$ plume behavior in a saline formation, CO2CRC Otway Project, Australia

호주 오트웨이 프로젝트 $CO_2$ 주입 대상 염수층의 지질 모델링 및 $CO_2$ 거동 시뮬레이션

  • Received : 2014.04.05
  • Accepted : 2014.06.24
  • Published : 2014.06.30
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Abstract

This study focuses on the prediction of facies distribution and on the simulation of $CO_2$ plume behavior in saline sandstones of deltaic origin, Paaratte Formation, Otway Basin where CO2CRC Otway Project considers $CO_2$ injection. Five facies are identified for the Paaratte Formation, based on well log and core data. Facies are populated in a 3-dimensional grid by using stochastic method with consideration of lateral continuity, vertical range and orientation for each facies. Well log and core analysis show that porosity is different for each facies and is closely related to permeability. Considering this relationship, porosity is modeled stochastically for each facies and then the porosity model is used to guide the distribution of permeability. The benefit of constraining the porosity model to the facies model is to obtain geological heterogeneity with high porosities distributed within sand-dominated facies, and low porosities within mud-dominated facies. The simulation study has been performed to evaluate the behavior of $CO_2$ plumes for two end-member reservoirs: heterogeneous with five facies and homogeneous with reservoir and non-reservoir facies. The simulation results imply that different reservoirs can have a different impact on the $CO_2$ behavior such as saturation, flow direction, and shape of discrete $CO_2$ plumes.

본 연구는 호주 오트웨이 프로젝트의 이산화탄소 주입 대상 지층인 Paaratte 층의 삼각주 사암 염수층 내 퇴적상의 분포 예측과 이산화탄소 거동 예측 시뮬레이션에 중점을 두고 있다. 물리검층 및 시추코어 자료를 이용하여 Paaratte 층에서 다섯 개의 퇴적상을 구분하였다. 주입 대상 지층의 3차원 격자에서 퇴적상 분포를 예측하기 위해 각 퇴적상의 횡적 연장성, 수직 상관성, 방향성을 분석하여 입력자료로 활용하였고, 추계론적 방법을 이용하여 퇴적상 모델링을 수행하였다. 코어 분석과 물리검층 분석 결과는 공극률이 각 퇴적상에 따라 분포 범위가 상이하고, 투과도와 높은 상관관계가 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 분석 결과를 고려하여, 각 퇴적상별로 공극률 분포를 추계론적 방법으로 예측하였고, 공극률 모델을 이용하여 투과도의 분포를 예측하였다. 퇴적상 분포를 반영한 공극률 모델링 결과는 사암이 우세한 퇴적상 분포 영역에서 공극률이 높고, 이암이 우세한 영역에서 공극률이 낮은 특성을 반영함으로써 대상 지층의 비균질성을 잘 표현하는 것으로 여겨진다. 다섯 개의 퇴적상으로 구성된 비균질한 염수층과 저류암-비저류암으로 구성된 균질한 염수층을 대상으로 각각 이산화탄소 거동시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 퇴적상의 비균질한 분포 특성이 불연속적으로 확산되는 플룸의 형태, 이산화탄소 유동 방향, 이산화탄소 포화도 등에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인임을 보여준다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국에너지기술평가원

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