DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Thermal Properties of Granite from the Central Part of Korea

한국 중부 지역의 화강암 열물성

  • Kim, Jongchan (Kongju National University, Department of GeoEnvironmental Sciences) ;
  • Lee, Youngmin (Korea Institute of Geosceince and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Koo, Min-Ho (Kongju National University, Department of GeoEnvironmental Sciences)
  • 김종찬 (공주대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 이영민 (한국지질자원연구원) ;
  • 구민호 (공주대학교 지질환경과학과)
  • Received : 2014.05.12
  • Accepted : 2014.06.03
  • Published : 2014.08.28

Abstract

Thermal and physical properties were measured on 206 Jurassic granite samples obtained from three boreholes in the central part of Korea. Thermal conductivity(${\lambda}$), thermal diffusivity(${\alpha}$), and specific heat(Cp) were measured in a laboratory; the average values are ${\lambda}$=2.813 W/mK, ${\alpha}=1.296mm^2/sec$, and Cp=0.816 J/gK, respectively. In addition, porosity(${\phi}$), and dry and saturated density(${\rho}$) were measured in the laboratory; the average values are ${\phi}$=0.01, ${\rho}(dry)=2.662g/cm^3$ and ${\rho}(saturated)=2.67g/cm^3$, respectively. Thermal diffusivity of 10 granite samples were measured with increasing temperature from $25^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$. In this study, we found that thermal diffusivity at $200^{\circ}C$ is about 30% lower than thermal diffusivity at $25^{\circ}C$. In correlation analysis, thermal conductivity increases with increasing thermal diffusivity. However, thermal conductivity does not show good correlation with porosity and density. Consequently, we know that thermal conductivity of granite would be more influenced by mineral composition than by porosity. We also derived ${\rho}=-2.393{\times}{\phi}+2.705$ from density and porosity data. XRD and XRF analysis were performed to investigate effects of mineral and chemical composition on thermal conductivity. From those results, we found that thermal conductivity increases with increasing quartz and $SiO_2$, and decreases with increasing albite and $Al_2O_3$. Regression analysis using those mineral and chemical composition were carried out ; we found $K=0.0294V_{Quartz}+1.93$ for quartz, $K=0.237W_{SiO_2}-14.09$ for $SiO_2$, and $K=0.053W_{SiO_2}-0.476W_{Al_2O_3}+6.52$ for $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$. Specific gravities were measured on 10 granite samples in the laboratory. The measured specific gravity depends on chemical compositions of granite. Therefore, specific gravity can be estimated by the felsic-mafic index(F) that is calculated from chemical composition. The estimated specific gravity ranges from 2.643 to 2.658. The average relative error between measured and estimated specific gravities is 0.677%.

대륙지각의 대표적인 암석이며 우리나라의 약 25%를 차지하는 쥬라기 화강암을 대상으로 상부지각의 열적 현상을 이해하는데 중요한 정보인 물성과 열물성을 측정하였다. 충남 연기군(2개 시추공, 149개)과 대전시 유성구(1개 시추공, 59개)의 총 3개 시추공으로부터 회수한 206개 화강암의 건조 상태의 열전도도 평균은 2.813 W/mK이고, 공극 보정을 한 평균 열전도도는 2.900 W/mK이다. 공극 내 물의 효과로 인해 공극 보정을 한 열전도도가 높게 나타난다. 건조 상태의 평균 열확산율은 $1.296{\times}10^{-6}m^2/sec$이며, 온도변화에 따른 열확산율 변화는 온도가 증가할수록 열확산율이 낮아지는 경향을 보인다. $200^{\circ}C$에서의 열확산율은 상온 $25^{\circ}C$에서 보다 30% 정도 더 낮게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 206개 화강암의 평균 공극은 0.010이며, 건조밀도와 포화밀도는 각각 $2.662g/cm^3$$2.673g/cm^3$이다. 열전도도와 공극의 상관관계로부터 화강암의 열전도도는 공극보다 구성광물에 의한 영향이 더 큰 것을 확인하였다. 열전도도와 열확산율의 상관관계에서는 결정계수가 0.898로 선형관계가 잘 나타나고, 공극과 밀도의 상관관계에서는 ${\rho}=-2.393{\times}{\phi}+2.705$라는 상관식을 산출하였다. XRD 분석과 XRF 분석 결과로부터 석영과 $SiO_2$ 함량이 증가하면 열전도도가 높아지고 조장석과 $Al_2O_3$가 증가하면 열전도도가 낮아지는 경향을 확인하였다. 또한 부피 함량비가 많은 광물과 화학성분을 이용해 회귀 분석을 수행하였다. 석영을 이용한 선형식은 $K=0.0294V_{Quartz}+1.93$으로 산출 되었다. 또한, $SiO_2$를 이용한 선형식은 $K=0.237W_{SiO_2}-14.09$로 산출 되었고, $SiO_2$$Al_2O_3$를 이용한 회귀식은 $K=0.053W_{SiO_2}-0.476W_{Al_2O_3}+6.52$로 산출 되었다. Felsic-marfic index를 이용하여 산출한 비중과 측정된 비중의 평균은 각각 2.645와 2.650이며, 평균 상대오차는 0.667%로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. 대한지질학회 (1995) 한국의 지질, 시그마프레스, 802p.
  2. Ahn, S.-J. (2006) Experimental analysis of thermal and physical properties of shallow soil, MS. D, thesis, Kongju Nat. Univ, 65p.
  3. Beardsmore, G.R. and Cull, J.P. (2001) Crustal heat flow: A guide to measurement and modeling, Cambrige Univ. Press, 324p.
  4. Birch, F. and Clark, H. (1940) The thermal conductivity of rocks and its dependance upon temperature and composition, American Journal of Science, v.238(8), p.529-558. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.238.8.529
  5. Blackwell, D.D. and Steele, J.L. (1989) Thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks: measurement and significance. In thermal history of sedimentary basins, ed. N. D. Naeser and T. H. McCulloch, New York: Springer-Verlag, p.45-96.
  6. Carmichael, R.S. (1989) Practical handbook of physical properties of rocks and minerals, CRC press, 741p.
  7. Cermak, V. and Rybach, L. (1982) Thermal conductivity and specific heat of minerals and rocks, In Physical Properties of Rocks, V. 1-a, Landolt-Bornstein, ed. G. Angenheister, New York: Springer-Verlag, p.305-403.
  8. Clauer, V. and Hueges, E. (1995) Thermal conductivity of rocks and minerals. In: AGU Reference Shelf 3 Rock physics and phase relations: A handbook of physical contents, p.105-125.
  9. Deming, D. (1994) Estimation of the thermal conductivity anisotropy of rock with application to the determination of terrestrial heat flow, Journal of Geophysical Research, v.99(B11), p.22087-22091. https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB02164
  10. Drury, M.J., Allen, V.S. and Jessop, A.M. (1984) The measurement of thermal diffusivity of rock cores, Tectonophysics, v.103, p.321-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(84)90094-5
  11. Drury, M.J. (1986) Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, density and porosity of crystalline rocks. Earth Physics Branch open file report no. 86-5 Ottawa: Earth Physics Branch.
  12. Drury, M.J. (1987) Thermal diffusivity of some crystalline rocks, Geothermics, v.16, p.105-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(87)90059-9
  13. Horai, K. and Simmons, G. (1969) Thermal conductivity of rock-forming minerals, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v.6, p.359-368.
  14. Kappelmeyer, O. and Haenel, R. (1974) Geothermics with special reference to application, Gebruder Borntraeger, 238p.
  15. Kim, H.C. (2004) Interpretation of geothermal anomaly using heat flow and geological data in South Korea, Ph. D, thesis, Chungnam Nat. Univ, 123p.
  16. Maqsood, A., Gul, I.H. and Rehman, M.A. (2004) Thermal transport properties of granites in the temperature range 253-333K, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, v.37, p.1405-1409. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/37/9/016
  17. Maqsood, A., Kamran, K. and Gul, I.H. (2004) Prediction of thermal conductivity of granite rocks from porosity and density data at normal temperature and pressure: in situ thermal conductivity measurements, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, v.37, p.3396-3401. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/37/24/007
  18. Mongelli, F., Loddo, M. and Tramacere, A. (1982) Thermal conductivity, diffusivity and specific heat variation of some Travale field(Tuscany) rocks versus temperature, Tectonophysics, v.83, p.33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(82)90005-1
  19. Park, J., Kim, H.C., Lee, Y. and Song, M.Y. (2007) A study on thermal properties of rocks from Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungchung-do, Korea, Korea Society of Economic and Environmental Geology, v.40(6), p.761-769.
  20. Parker, W.J., Jenkins, R.J., Buter, C.P. and Abbott, G.L. (1961) Flash method of determining thermal diffusivity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity, Journal of Applied Physics, v.32(9), p.1679-1684. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1728417
  21. Ray, L., Forster, H.-J., Schilling, F.R. and Forster, A. (2006) Thermal diffusivity of felsic to mafic granulites at elevated temperatures, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v.251, p.241-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.010
  22. Roy, R.F., Beck, A.E. and Touloukian, Y.S. (1981) Thermophysical properties of rocks. In Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals, ed. Touloukian, Y.S., Judd, W.R. and Roy, R.F., New York: McGraw-Hill, p.409-502.
  23. Sass, J.H., Lachenbruch, A.H. and Munroe, R.J. (1971) Thermal conductivity of rocks from measurements on fragments and its application to heat flow determinations, Journal of Geophysical Research, v.76(14), p.3391-401. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB076i014p03391
  24. Seipold, U. and Gutzeit, W. (1982) The distribution of thermal diffusivity in the Earth's crust, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v.29. p.69-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(82)90139-X
  25. Vosteen, H.-D. and Schellschmidt, R. (2003) Influence of temperature on thermal conductivity, thermal capacity and thermal diffusivity for different types of rock, Physics and chemistry of the Earth, v.28, p.499-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00069-X
  26. Williams, C.F. and Anderson, R.N. (1990) Thermophysical properties of the Earth's crust: In situ measurements from continental and ocean drilling, Journal of Geophysics Research, v.95(B6), p.9209-9236. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB06p09209

Cited by

  1. Applicability of thermal response tests in designing standing column well system: A numerical study vol.109, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.023