Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Effects of nutrition education on nutrition-related knowledge, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes of alcoholic patients

영양교육이 알코올중독자의 영양지식, 식습관 및 영양섭취상태에 미치는 효과

  • Kim, An Na (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lim, Hyeon-Sook (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University)
  • 김안나 (전남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 임현숙 (전남대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2014.03.05
  • Accepted : 2014.06.26
  • Published : 2014.08.31
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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of nutrition-related knowledge, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes of alcoholic patients and how nutrition education affects these nutritional behaviors. Methods: Subjects included 37 adult male alcoholic patients who were hospitalized. The nutrition education program consisted of five lessons over a five-week period. An each 80-minute nutrition education program per week was implemented for the alcoholic patients over a five-week period. Both before and after the implementation of nutrition education, their nutrition-related knowledge and dietary habits were assessed and nutrient intakes were investigated. Results: The subjects showed drinking habits of considerably high frequency, a large quantity of alcohol consumption, and preference for soju (a liquor) over beer. They had proper weight, height, and BMI, and came from relatively poor socioeconomic backgrounds with a low-level of self-rated health status and a comparatively high rate of suffering from disease. Mean score of their nutrition-related knowledge and dietary habits was quite low. They consumed less energy, dietary fiber, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, Ca, and K, but more Na compared to each Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). After implementing the nutrition education, mean score of nutrition-related knowledge and dietary habits showed significant improvement. In addition, the meeting rate of each DRI of several nutrients was increased significantly, including energy, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins A, C, and $B_6$, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, Ca, P, K, Fe, and Zn, while that of Na decreased. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that alcoholic patients had various nutritional problems, such as lack of nutrition-related knowledge, bad dietary habits, and insufficient nutrient intakes, however, these problems can be positively modified by implementation of a relatively short-term nutrition education program.

본 연구는 알코올중독자의 영양지식과 식습관 및 영양섭취상태의 특성을 알아보고, 영양교육이 이들 특성에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 알코올중독으로 병원에 입원한 37명 환자를 연구대상자로 하였으며, 이들의 영양지식과 식습관은 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였고, 영양교육은 80분짜리 5차시 분량의 프로그램을 제작해 실시하였다. 본 연구대상자는 40대 중반의 남성이었으며, 정상 체위를 지녔고, 병원에 입원하기 전 음주 빈도가 높고, 음주량이 많으며, 소주를 선호하는 음주습관을 지니고 있었다. 이들은 저 학력, 중 하류층 직업, 독거 비율이 높은 가족형태 등 사회경제적 수준이 열악한 편이었고, 자신의 건상상태에 대한 인식은 낮은 경향이었으며, 간 질환을 비롯한 질병 보유율이 높아, 삶의 질이 취약한 편이었다. 영양교육 실시 전 이들의 영양지식은 1점 만점에 0.52점으로 비교적 낮은 수준이었고, 식습관은 3점 만점에 1.70점으로 바람직하지 않은 경향이었다. 영양섭취상태도 에너지와 식이섬유를 비롯해 본 연구에서 조사한 8종의 비타민 중에 비타민 C, 티아민, 리보플라빈 및 엽산이 영양섭취기준을 충족하지 못했고, 6종의 무기질 중에서는 칼슘과 칼륨은 영양섭취기준에 미치지 못한 반면에 나트륨 섭취는 과다한 문제점을 보였다. 그러나 영양교육을 받은 후 본 연구대상자의 영양지식이 0.81점으로 유의하게 향상되었고, 식습관은 2.13점으로 유의성 있게 개선되었으며, 영양섭취상태도 다음과 같이 유의적으로 향상되었다. 즉 에너지, 탄수화물, 식이섬유, 비타민 E를 제외한 비타민 A, 비타민 C, 비타민 $B_6$, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 엽산 및 니아신, 칼슘, 인, 칼륨, 철분, 아연 모두 섭취가 증가했다. 반면에 나트륨 섭취는 감소했으나 여전히 목표섭취량의 256%에 달하였지만, 감소했으며, 이러한 결과 Na/K 섭취 비율이 저하되었다. 이와 같은 본 연구결과는, 비록 연구대상자가 광주광역시에 소재한 G병원에 입원 중인 소수의 성인남자 환자였다는 제한점은 있으나, 알코올중독 입원환자의 경우 영양지식 정도가 낮고, 식습관이 좋지 않으며, 영양섭취상태가 불량한 편이지만 이들에게 비교적 단기간의 영양교육을 실시함으로써 이러한 문제점들을 긍정적으로 변화시킬 수 있다는 점을 확인해 주었다. 그러므로 알코올중독전문병원 등 알코올중독자의 재활을 돕는 현장에서 영양교육의 필요성을 인식하고 영양교육을 적극 실시하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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