Journal of dental hygiene science (치위생과학회지)

The Korean Society of Dental Hygiene Science (한국치위생과학회)
권호 표지

Effect of Mediating Variable on the Relationship between Job Stress and Stress Response among Clinical Dental Hygienists

임상치과위생사에서 직무스트레스와 스트레스 반응에 있어 매개요인의 영향

  • Choi, Ja-Hyeong (Department of Dental Hygiene, Graduate School of Public Health, Gachon University) ;
  • Choi, Jun-Seon (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University)
  • 최자형 (가천대학교 보건대학원 치위생학과) ;
  • 최준선 (가천대학교 보건과학대학 치위생학과)
  • Received : 2014.03.04
  • Accepted : 2014.05.02
  • Published : 2014.06.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of mediating variables on the relationship between job stress and stress response. A survey was conducted to 243 clinical dental hygienists from January 15, 2013 to March 20, 2013 and the data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The subjects who worked in poor working environment, had high level of role conflict and overload and aggressive nature showed high stress responsivity (p<0.01). The variable that showed mediation effect on the relationship between job stress and physical discomfort, depression was shown to be personality type (p<0.05). Also, the variable that showed mediation effect on the relationship between job stress and turnover intention was social support (p<0.05). According to the results, personality type and social support were shown to be important parameters when it came to the relationship between job stress and stress response. Therefore, in order to reduce negative outcomes caused by stress, it is suggested to provide an educational opportunity on self-control management while increasing social support from the organizational and structural level. Especially, it is asked to expand the system that provides encouragement and recognition to feel the sense of achievement in the course of their duty execution.

본 연구는 직무스트레스 요인을 파악하고, 스트레스 반응에 있어 매개변수의 영향력을 분석하고자 하였다. 치과의료기관에 근무하고 있는 임상치과위생사 243명을 대상으로 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 일반적 특성, 업무 특성에 따른 스트레스 반응을 분석한 결과 위장장애 인식도는 26세 이상, 대학교 이상 졸업자, 계약직, 4년 미만 경력자, 치과병원 근무자, 상담 및 데스크 업무자, 평직원에서 더 높았다(p<0.05). 근육 통증은 25세 이하, 4년 미만의 경력자, 치과병원 근무자, 일일 환자수가 64명 이상, 평직원, 주 6일 이상 근무자, 일일 8시간 이상 근무자 및 점심시간에 휴식을 취하지 못하는 집단에서 더 많이 인식하였다(p<0.05). 우울증 인식도는 남자와 26세 이상, 대학교 이상 졸업자, 기혼자, 월 급여가 180만원 이상, 치과병원 근무자, 상담 및 데스크 업무자 및 주 6일 이상 근무 집단에서 더 높았다(p<0.05). 이직 의도는 26세 이상, 대학교 이상 졸업자, 월 급여가 180만원 이상, 4년 이상의 경력자, 일일 환자 수가 64명 미만, 주 6일 이상 근무자, 야간근무자에서 더 높았다(p<0.05). 둘째, 직무스트레스와 매개요인에 따른 스트레스 반응을 분석한 결과 위장장애와 근육 통증은 근무환경이 나쁘고 역할 갈등과 과부하가 높으며, 공격적인 성격에 가까울수록 더 높았다(p<0.01). 우울증 인식도는 근무환경이 나쁘고 역할 갈등과 과부하가 높으며, A형 성격에 가깝고 자존감이 낮을수록 더 높았다. 이직 의도는 근무환경이 나쁘고 역할 갈등과 과부하가 높으며, A형 성격에 가깝고 상사 동료의 사회적 지원이 적을수록 더 높았다(p<0.01). 셋째, 직무스트레스와 신체적 불편감, 우울증 인식도의 관계에서 매개변수는 성격유형으로, A형 성격에 가까울수록 신체적 불편감과 우울증 인식도가 더 높았다(p<0.05). 직무스트레스와 이직 의도의 관계에서 매개변수는 상사 동료의 사회적 지원으로, 상사와 동료의 사회적 지원이 낮을수록 이직 의도가 더 높았다(p<0.05). 본 연구결과 직무스트레스와 스트레스 반응의 관계에서 성격유형과 상사 동료의 사회적 지원은 중요한 매개요인임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 치과위생사가 직무를 수행하는 동안 스트레스로 인한 부정적 결과를 감소시키기 위하여 자신의 성격을 파악하고 이를 조절할 수 있는 능력 개발을 위해 교육이 지원되어야 하며, 조직적이고 구조적 차원에서 사회적 지원을 더욱 증가시켜야 한다. 특히 직무수행 과정에서 성취감을 느낄 수 있도록 격려와 인정을 제공해주는 시스템을 확대하여야 할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Levy BL, Wegman DH: Occupational health: recongnizing and preventing work-relation disease. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, New York, pp.381-384, 1994.
  2. Ruan Y: The influence of job stress on job satisfaction: a comparative study between Korea and China. Unpublished master's thesis, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 2010.
  3. Beehr TA: Perceived situational moderators of the relationship between subjective role ambiguity and role strain. J Appl Psychol 61: 35-40, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.61.1.35
  4. Koong HS, Kim SM: A study on job stress and eating behavior and habits of dental hygienists. J Dent Hyg Sci 12: 525-534, 2012.
  5. Han SS, Kim OS, Joo YS, Choi ED, Han JO: Effects of nurses' mentoring on turnover intention: focused on the mediating effects role stress and burnout. J Korean Acad Nurs 43: 605-612, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.5.605
  6. Elstad JI, Vabø M: Job stress, sickness absence and sickness presenteeism in Nordic elderly care. Scand J Public Health 36: 467-474, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494808089557
  7. Gillespie M, Melby V: Burnout among nursing staff in accident and emergency and acute medicine: a comparative study. J Clin Nurs 12: 842-851, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00802.x
  8. Kang BW: A study on the causal factors of the organizational commitment: Korean dental hygienists case. Unpublished master's thesis, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 2000.
  9. Korean Dental Association: Why shortage of dental hygienists despite of increase the number of dental hygiene students? Korean Dental Association News 1819: 31, 2010.
  10. Lee EH: The relationships between inter-parental conflict perceived by children and their self-esteem. Unpublished master's thesis, Kongju National University, Gongju, 2004.
  11. Najimi A, Goudarzi AM, Sharifirad G: Causes of job stress in nurses: a cross-sectional study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 17: 301-305, 2012.
  12. Hong SM, Kim HK, Ahn YS: A study on the occupational stress, health status and somatization for dental hygienist. J Dent Hyg Sci 9: 295-302, 2009.
  13. Kim JH: A study on the job stress factors of dental hygienists. J Dent Hyg Sci 8: 337-345, 2008.
  14. Yoon SU, Kim JS: Relations between emotional Labor and job stress among some dental hygienists. J Korean Soc Hyg Sci 11: 179-188, 2011.
  15. Kahn RL, Wolfe DM, Quinn RP, Snoek JD, Rosenthal RA: Organizational stress: studies in role conflict and ambiguity. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp.102-107, 1964.
  16. Park HS: Study on occupational stress and burnout experienced by dental hygienists. Unpublished master's thesis, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 2000.
  17. Rizzo JR, House JR, Litzman SI: Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Admin Sci Quart 15: 150-163, 1970. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391486
  18. Ivancevich JM, Matteson MT, Preston C: Occupational stress, type A behavior and physical well being. Acad Manage J 25: 373-391, 1982. https://doi.org/10.2307/255998
  19. Haynes SG, Feinleib M, Levine S, Scotch N, Kannel WB: The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham study. II. prevalence of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol 107: 384-402, 1978.
  20. Rosenberg M: Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, pp.145-148, 1965.
  21. Park JW: Research on development of social support scale. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yonsei University, Seoul, 1985.
  22. Hong SJ, Kim EY: Relations between scoliosis and gastroenteric disorder. J Korean Soc Health Educ Promot 21: 319-328, 2004.
  23. Sasson I, Umberson DJ: Widowhood and depression: new light on gender differences, selection, and psychological adjustment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 69: 135-415, 2014.
  24. Lee SR, Park SL: The effect of job stress, turnover of safeguard on job satisfaction. Kor J Phys Edu 45: 227-236, 2006.
  25. Baron RM, Kenny DA: The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 51: 1173-1182, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  26. Bosma H, Peter R, Siegrist J, Marmot M: Two alternative job stress models and the risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Public Health 88: 68-74, 1998. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.88.1.68
  27. Tak JK, Shin PS: The effects of job stressors of high school teachers on mental health. Kor J Psychol:Health 14: 110-122, 1999.
  28. Mosadeghrad AM: Occupational stress and turnover intention: implications for nursing management. Int J Health Policy Manag 1: 169-176, 2013. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2013.30
  29. Lee HR, Yoon KW: Influences on the duty performance of industrial counselor's role conflicts and duty stresses. Kor J Counsel Psychoth 16: 309-325, 2004.
  30. Matteson MJ, Ivancevich JH, Smith SV: Relation of type A behavior to performance and satisfaction among sales personnel. J Vocat Behav 25: 203-214, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(84)90044-7
  31. Kim HK, Kim OS, Kim CS. The effects of job stress, A type, negative affectivity, hardiness on teacher' burnout and somatic symptoms. J Kor Youth Stud 18: 189-209, 2011.
  32. Brunson BI, Matthews KA: The type A coronary-prone behavior pattern and reactions to uncontrollable stress: an analysis of performance strategies, affect, and attributions during failure. J Pers Soc Psychol 40: 906-918, 1981. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.5.906
  33. Coelho GV, Hamburg DA, Adams JE: Coping and adaptation. 1st ed, Basic Books, New York, pp.316-333, 1974.
  34. Dearborn MJ, Hastings JE: Type A personality as a mediator of stress and strain in employed women. J Human Stress 13: 53-60, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1080/0097840X.1987.9936795
  35. Bae SW, Yun YS, Han NY. A study on the effects of the perception of servant leadership on turnover intention, recommendation intention, and customer orientation via trust in the leader and affective commitment: focused on the hotel industry. JOAM 33: 1-28, 2009.
  36. KH Park, Yoo HS: Effects of social support on the job stress symptoms and job performance of workers in the textile industry. Fashion & Text Res J 7: 1-8, 2005.
  37. Winnubst J, Marcelissen M, Klebe R: Effects of social support in the stressor-strain relationship: a Dutch sample. Soc Sci Med 16: 475-482, 1982. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(82)90056-9