An Analysis on Elementary School Students' Oral Health Knowledge and Education Effect in School-Based Oral Health Clinic

학교구강보건실 운영 초등학교 학생의 구강보건지식과 교육효과분석

  • Yang, Jin-Young (Department of Dental Hygiene, Daejeon Institute of Science and Technology)
  • 양진영 (대전과학기술대학교 치위생과)
  • Received : 2014.05.13
  • Accepted : 2014.06.04
  • Published : 2014.06.30

Abstract

The objective of the paper is to analyze the extent to which elementary school students acquired, perceived, and practiced oral health knowledge provided by an elementary school-based oral health clinic (SBOHC). It is respectively investigated by gender and year of school. The paper will be relevant for developing specified oral health programs in elementary SBOHCs. By choosing three elementary schools that operate SBOHC in the school district of Daejeon Metropolitan City from April 11 to April 30, 2013, a self-administered questionnaire was given out to be answered directly by 350 students in the 4th, 5th, and 6th grades and their responses were collected. Of the collected responses, 326 responses were explored by using the SPSS 12.0. Those students' scores of oral health knowledge are found to be statistically meaningful for school year, not for gender. In them are included correct tooth brushing time, dental caries symptoms, gum disease symptoms, and correct tooth brushing method. Change in tooth brushing method after oral health education showed the statistically meaningful difference for gender and school year. In conclusion, every SBOHC should develop a variety of specified educational programs that depend on gender and grade in each elementary school.

본 연구는 학교구강보건실을 운영하고 있는 초등학교 학생들의 구강보건지식과 교육효과를 알아보기 위하여 2013년 4월 11일부터 4월 30일까지 대전광역시 소재 초등학교 중 학교구강보건실 운영 3개교를 선정하여 4, 5, 6학년 재학생 326명의 자료를 SPSS ver. 12.0으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 전체 학생의 구강보건지식 평균 점수를 성별로 비교한 결과 유의한 차이 없이 나타났다. 학년별 비교에서는 4학년($6.60{\pm}1.52$), 5학년($6.89{\pm}1.43$), 6학년($7.49{\pm}1.19$) 순으로 상급학년이 될수록 구강건강지식 점수가 높게 나타나 학년별 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 학년에 따른 구강보건지식의 차이를 문항별로 살펴본 결과 적절한 칫솔질 시간(p=0.011), 치주질환 증상(p<0.001), 치주질환 예방법(p=0.020), 그리고 올바른 칫솔질 방법(p<0.001) 등에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 학교구강보건실에서 받은 처치에서 성별에 따라 치아우식병(p=0.015)과 치은염(p=0.044)에서는 남학생이 여학생보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났고, 칫솔질 방법(회전법)에서는 여학생이 남학생보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p=0.001). 학년에 따른 차이는 치아우식병에서 4학년이 38.8%, 5학년이 55.1%, 6학년이 6.1%로 유의한 차이가 확인되었다(p=0.004). 학교구강보건실에서 교육 후 칫솔질 방법 변화는 성별(p=0.022)과 학년별(p=0.001)에 따라 유의한 차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성별에서는 남학생의 71.1%가 칫솔질 교육 후에도 태도변화 없이 자유롭게 칫솔질을 하는 것으로 나타나 여학생의 28.9%보다 높게 나타났다. 학년별로는 4학년 43.9%, 5학년 37.2%, 6학년 18.9%의 학생이 칫솔질 교육 후 회전법으로 칫솔질을 하는 것으로 응답하여 저학년일수록 교육 후 실천하는 태도변화가 많은 것으로 나타나 학년별 특성을 고려한 효과적인 칫솔질 교육프로그램에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것이라 생각한다. 결론적으로 초등학교 학교구강보건사업의 다양한 프로그램 중 발치, 치아 홈 메우기, 불소도포 등은 전문가가 직접시술하게 되므로 안정적인 효과를 기대할 수 있으나, 바른 칫솔질 교육, 구강건강지식 교육은 실시 후 초등학생의 이해 정도 및 실천 정도에 따라 교육의 효과에 차이가 크다. 따라서 학생들의 학년별 특성 등을 고려하여 차별화된 교육프로그램을 개발하여 확대 적용할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

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