Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk in Thai Urban Females

  • Pimhanam, Chaisak (Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University) ;
  • Sangrajrang, Suleeporn (Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Public Health) ;
  • Ekpanyaskul, Chatchai (Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University)
  • Published : 2014.09.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The incidence of urban female breast cancer has been continuously increasing over the past decade with unknown etiology. One hypothesis for this increase is carcinogen exposure from tobacco. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the risk of urban female breast cancer from tobacco smoke exposure. The matched case control study was conducted among Thai females, aged 17-76 years and living in Bangkok or its surrounding areas. A total of 444 pairs of cases and controls were recruited from the Thai National Cancer Institute. Cases were newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed as breast cancer while controls were selected from healthy women who visited a patient, matched by age ${\pm}5$ years. After obtaining informed consent, tobacco smoke exposure data and information on other potential risk factors were collected by interview. The analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression, and presented with odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI). From all subjects, 3.8% of cases and 3.4% of controls were active smokers while 11.0% of cases and 6.1% of controls were passive smokers. The highest to lowest sources of passive tobacco smoke were from spouses (40.8%), the workplace (36.8%) and public areas (26.3%), respectively. After adjusting for other potential risk factors or confounders, females with frequent low-dose passive smoke exposure (${\leq}7$ hours per week) from a spouse or workplace had adjusted odds ratio 3.77 (95%CI=1.11-12.82) and 4.02 (95%CI=1.04-15.50) higher risk of breast cancer compared with non-smokers, respectively. However, this study did not find any association of breast cancer risk in high dose passive tobacco smoke exposure, or a dose response relationship in cumulative passive tobacco smoke exposure per week, or in the active smoker group. In conclusion, passive smoke exposure may be one important risk factor of urban female breast cancer, particularly, from a spouse or workplace. This risk factor highlights the importance of avoiding tobacco smoke exposure as a key measure for breast cancer prevention and control.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahern TP, Lash TL, Egan KM, Baron J (2009). Lifetime tobacco smoke exposure and breast cancer incidence. Cancer Causes Control, 20, 1837-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9376-1
  2. Al-Delaimy WK, Cho E, Chen WY, Colditz G, Willett WC (2004). A prospective study of smoking and breast cancer in young adult women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 13, 398-404.
  3. Ambrosone CB, Kropp S, Yang J, et al (2008). Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferase 2 genotypes, and breast cancer risk: Pooled analysis and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 17, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0598
  4. Baron J, La Vecchia C, Levi F (1990). The antiestrogenic effect of cigarette smoking in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 162, 502-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(90)90420-C
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CDC (2012). Current tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure among women of reproductive age 14 countries, 2008-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 61, 877-82.
  6. Chan YH (2005). Biostatistics 305. Multinomial logistic regression. Singapore Med J, 46, 259-68.
  7. Chen C, Huang YB, Liu XO, et al (2014). Active and passive smoking with breast cancer risk for Chinese females: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin J Cancer, 33, 306-16. https://doi.org/10.5732/cjc.013.10248
  8. Chen C, Wang X, Wang L, et al (2005). Effect of environmental tobacco smoke on levels of urinary hormone markers. Environ Health Perspect, 113, 412-7. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7436
  9. Collishaw NE, Boyd NF, Cantor KP, et al (2009). Canadian expert panel on tobacco smoke and breast cancer risk. Ontario tobacco research unit,Toronto.
  10. Cui Y, Miller AB, Rohan T (2006). Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: update of a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 100, 293-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-006-9255-3
  11. DeSantis C, Siegel R, Bandi P, Jemal A (2011). Breast cancer statistics, 2011. CA Cancer J Clin, 61, 409-18.
  12. Ekpanyaskul C, Khuhaprema T, Wiangnon S, Sangrajrang S (2010). Case-control study of occupational categories and breast cancer risk in Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 11, 793-7.
  13. Elmore JG, Armstrong K (2005). Screening for breast cancer. J Am Med Assoc, 293, 1245-56. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.10.1245
  14. Gram IT, Braaten T, Terry PD, et al (2005). Breast cancer risk among women who start smoking as teenagers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 14, 61-6.
  15. Hanaoka T, Yamamoto S, Sobue T, et al (2005). Active and passive smoking and breast cancer risk in middle-aged Japanese women. Int J Cancer, 114, 317-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20709
  16. Johnson KC, Glantz CA (2008). Evidence secondhand smoke causes breast cancer in 2005 stronger than for lung cancer in 1986. Prev Med, 46, 492-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11.016
  17. Johnson KC, Miller AB, Collishaw NE, et al (2011). Active smoking and secondhand smoke increase breast cancer risk: the report of the canadian expert panel on tobacco smoke and breast cancer risk. Tob Control, 20, 2.
  18. Khuhaprema T, Attasara P, Sriplung H, Wiangnon S, Sangrajrang S (2013). Cancer in Thailand. Volume VII, 2007-2009. National Cancer Institude, Bangkok.
  19. Luo J, Margolis K, Wactawski-Wende J, et al (2011). Association of active and passive smoking with risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study. BMJ, 342.
  20. Mahdi KM, Nassiri MR, Nasiri K (2013). Hereditary genes and SNPs associated with breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 3403-9. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.6.3403
  21. Parsa P, Parsa B (2009). Effects of reproductive factors on risk of breast cancer: a literature review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 10, 545-50.
  22. Piazza KM, Hyland A (2011). Prevalence of rules prohibiting home and workplace smoking correlates with state-specific breast cancer outcomes: an ecologic analysis. Tob Control, 20, 315-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2010.041400
  23. Reynolds P, Goldberg D, Hurley S, et al (2009). Passive smoking and risk of breast cancerin the California teachers study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 18, 3389-98. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0936
  24. Reynolds P (2013). Smoking and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 18, 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-012-9269-x
  25. Sangrajrang S, Chaiwerawattana A, Ploysawang P, et al (2013). Obesity, diet and physical inactivity and risk of breast cancer in Thai women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 7023-7. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.11.7023
  26. Sangthong R, Chongsuvivatwong V, Geater AF, Jitpiboon W(2011). Decreasing trends of smoking and smoking cessation in successive Thai birth cohorts: age-period-cohort analysis from 1991-2007 national surveys. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 3081-5.
  27. Schick S, Glantz S. (2005). Philip Morris toxicological experiments with fresh side stream smoke: more toxic than main stream smoke. Tob Control, 14, 396-404. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2005.011288
  28. Secretan B, Straif K, Baan R, et al (2009). A review of human carcinogens - part E: tobacco, areca nut, alcohol, coal smoke, and salted fish. Lancet Oncol, 10, 1033-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70326-2
  29. Terry PD, Rohan T (2002). Cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer in women: a review of the literature. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 11, 953-71.
  30. US Department of Health and Human Services (2006). The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the surgeon general. Centers for disease control and prevention(CDC), Atlanta.
  31. World Health Organization (2009). World Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009: Implementing smoke free environments. world health organization, Geneva.
  32. Xue F, Willett WC, Rosner BA, Hankinson SE, Michels KB (2011) Cigarette smoking and the incidence of breast cancer. Arch Intern Med, 171, 125-33.
  33. Yang Y, Zhang F, Skrip L, Wang Y, Liu S (2013). Lack of an association between passive smoking and incidence of female breast cancer in non-smokers: evidence from 10 prospective cohort studies. PLoS One, 8, 77029. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077029

Cited by

  1. Effects of a School-based Intervention Program on Attitude and Knowledge of Household Members Towards a Smoke-free Home: a Cluster Controlled Trial vol.17, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.3.1235
  2. The Role of Nitrosamine (NNK) in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis vol.22, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-017-9381-z
  3. Actions of nurses in early detection of breast cancer vol.70, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0155
  4. Mindfulness, Physical Activity and Avoidance of Secondhand Smoke: A Study of College Students in Shanghai vol.12, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120810106
  5. Migraine and breast cancer risk vol.95, pp.30, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004031