DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The need for upgrading the seismic performance objectives

  • Received : 2013.10.11
  • Accepted : 2014.10.08
  • Published : 2014.10.30

Abstract

The economic consequences of large earthquakes require a revolutionary change in the seismic performance objective of residential and commercial buildings. The majority of total construction costs consist of non-structural and architectural costs. Therefore, the aim of this research is to upgrade current Life Safety performance objectives and to offset adverse effects on country's economy after an occurrence of large earthquakes. However, such a proposal cannot easily prove the feasibility of cost-benefit analysis in structural design. In this paper, six generic reinforced concrete frames and dual system structures designed based on Turkish Seismic Code were used in cost analysis. The study reveals that load bearing structural systems with Immediate Occupancy performance level in seismic zones can be achieved with negligible costs.

Keywords

References

  1. ASCE/SEI 7-10 (2010), "Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures", Virginia.
  2. ATC-13 (1985), "Earthquake damage evaluation data for california", Appl. Tech. Council, Redwood City, CA.
  3. ATC-58 (2011), "Seismic performance assessment of buildings", Vol. 1, ATC-58-1, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, California.
  4. Ayala, A.G., Castellanos, H. and Lopez, S. (2012), "A displacement based seismic design method with damage control for RC buildings", Earthq. Struct., 3(3-4), 413-434. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2012.3.3_4.413
  5. Bachman, R.E., Hamburger, R.O., Comartin, C.D., Comartin, C. and Whittaker, A.S. (2003), "ATC-58 Framework for performance-based design of nonstructural components", Proceedings of Seminar on Seismic Design, Performance and Retrofit of Nonstructural Components in Critical Facilities, Redwood City, California.
  6. Bal, I.E., Kutanis, M., Beyen, K. and Gulkan, P. (2012), "A Review of the nonlinear static assessment procedure in the Turkish Earthquake Code", Procceding of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisbon, Portugal, September.
  7. Bommer, J., Spence, R., Erdik, M., Tabuchi, S., Aydinoglu, M.N., Booth, E., Re, D. and Peterken, O. (2002), "Development of an earthquake loss model for Turkish catastrophe insurance", J. Seismol., 6 (3), 431-446. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020095711419
  8. Bozkurt, E. (2013), "Neotectonics of Turkey-a Synthesis", Geodinamica Acta, 14(2001), 3-30.
  9. CEN (2004) European Standard EN 1998-1:2004, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. Comite Europeen de Normalisation, Brusells.
  10. Dowrick, D.J. (2009), Earthquake Resistant Design and Risk Reduction, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc, 548, Tauranga-New Zealand.
  11. Eleftheriadou, A.K. and Karabinis, A.I. (2008), "Damage probability matrices derived from earthquake statistical data", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No.07-0201, Beijing, China.
  12. EM-DAT (2013), International Disaster Database located at website: http://www.emdat.be/, last access: 15 January.
  13. Erdik, M., Aydinoglu, N., Fahjan, Y., Sesetyan, K., Demircioglu, M., Siyahi, B., Durukal, E., Ozbey, C., Biro, Y., Akman, H. and Yuzugullu, O. (2003), "Earthquake risk assessment for Istanbul metropolitan area", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib. 2, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02857534
  14. Erdurmus, S.B. (2005), "Benefit-cost analysis for retrofitting of selected residential buildings in Istanbul", M.S. Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  15. Fajfar, P. and EERI, M. (2002), "A nonlinear analysis method for performance based seismic design", Earthq. Spectra, 16, 573-592.
  16. Fardis, M.N. (2009), "Seismic Design, Assessment and Retrofitting of Concrete Buildings (based on EN-Eurocode 8", Springer Science+Business Media BV, Dordrecht.
  17. Gilmore, A.T., Sanchez, A.B. and Johnson, E.M. (2010), "Performance based seismic design of reinforced concrete ductile buildings subjected to large energy demands", Earthq. Struct., 1(1), 69-91. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.1.069
  18. Gulkan, P., Aschheim, M. and Spence, R. (2003), World Housing Encyclopedia Report, Country: Turkey. Earthquake EERI, Turkey, Open File Report, 47.
  19. Ilki, A. and Celep, Z. (2012), "Earthquakes, existing buildings and seismic design codes in Turkey", Arab J. Sci. Eng., 37, 365-380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0183-8
  20. Irfanoglu, M. (2000), "Structural Design under Seismic Risk Using Multiple Performance Objectives", PhD Dissertation, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California. IUSS Press, Pavia , 670 pp.
  21. Japan International Cooperation Agency and Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (JICA-IMM) (2003), The Study on a Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Basic Plan in Istanbul including Seismic Microzonation in the Republic of Turkey, JICA, Ankara, Turkey.
  22. Kutanis, M., Abut, Y., Demir, I.H., and Orak, E. (2011), "Cost benefit analysis of the structures designed for alternative seismic hazard levels", Proceedings of the International Balkans Conference on Challenges of Civil Engineering, Tirana, Albania.
  23. Lettis, W.R., Bachhuber, J., Barka, A., Brankman, C., Somerville, P. and Witter, R. (2000), "1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake reconnaissance report", Earthq. Spectra Geology Seismicity, 16(S1), 1-9.
  24. Ministry of Environment and City Planning (MECP), (2012), "Communique Pertaining to the Approximate Unit Costs of Construction for Year 2012 that would be Used When Calculating Architectural and Engineering Service Fees", Official Gazette date: 28/04/2012, issue. 28277 (in Turkish).
  25. NGDC (2013), The National Geophysical Data Center, Archival material from the Significant Earthquake Database located at website: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/last access: 15 January 2013.
  26. Priestley, M.J.N., Calvi, M.C. and Kowalsky, M.J. (2007), Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures.
  27. Priestley, M.J.N. (2000), "Performance-based seismic design", Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland.
  28. Sezen, H., Elwood, K.J., Whittaker, A.S., Mosalam, K.M., Wallace, J.W. and Stanton, J.F. (2000), Structural Engineering Reconnaissance of the August 17, 1999 Earthquake: Kocaeli (Izmit), Turkey, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER Report 2000/09, University of California, Berkeley.
  29. State Institute of Statistics (TUIK), (2001), "Building Census 2000", Prime Ministry Republic of Turkey, Ankara.
  30. State Institute of Statistics, "Building Census 2000", Prime Ministry Republic of Turkey.
  31. Sullivan, T.J. (2010), "Capacity design considerations for RC frame wall structures", Earthq. Struct., 1(4), 391-410. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.4.391
  32. TSC (2007), Specification for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas. Ministry of Public Works and Resettlement, Ankara, Turkey.
  33. Vaughan, S.E., Miranda, E. and Taghavi, S. (2002), "Loss estimation of non-structural components due to earthquake ground motion", Proceedings of the 2002 Earthquake Engineering Symposium for Young Researchers, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Richmond, CA.
  34. Whittaker, A.S. and Soong, T.T. (2003), An Overview of Nonstructural Components Research at Three U.S. Earthquake Engineering Research Centers, ATC-29-2 Report Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA, USA.

Cited by

  1. Performance based assessment of steel frame structures by different material models vol.17, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-017-9013-x
  2. Performance based assessment for existing residential buildings in Lake Van basin and seismicity of the region vol.9, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.4.893
  3. The Impact of Concrete Strength on the Structure Performance under Repeated Loads vol.6, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.17678/beuscitech.297299
  4. PSHA of Van province for performance assessment using spectrally matched strong ground motion records vol.127, pp.7, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-018-1004-6