Science of Emotion and Sensibility (감성과학)

Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility (한국감성과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Good and Bad Luck on Reasoning

행운과 불운이 추론에 미치는 효과

  • Lee, Byung-Kwan (Department of Industrial Psychology, Kwangwoon University) ;
  • Lee, Guk-Hee (Department of Industrial Psychology, Kwangwoon University)
  • Received : 2014.05.07
  • Accepted : 2014.08.04
  • Published : 2014.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Good and bad luck is an important factor that frequently affects human information processing. However, in spite of its significance, few studies have been done to examine how good and bad luck influences information processing and reasoning. The current research was performed to explore the effect of good and bad luck on reasoning and, for this, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, participants were primed with good or bad luck and were asked to make an inference for a given murder case and include as many as clues for it, while in experiment 2, participants were asked to exclude as many as clues for the same murder case. Results show that, in experiment 1, participants who were primed with good luck included more clues than those who were primed with bad luck. However, in Experiment 2, it was found that participants who were primed with bad luck excluded more clues than those who were primed with good luck. Findings from this study indicate that priming good luck enhances holistic thinking which leads to including more and excluding less clues whereas priming bad luck increases analytic thinking which leads to including less and excluding more clues. Implications of this study for inference and decision making, consumer behavior, and addict psychology are discussed.

행운과 불운은 인간의 정보처리과정에 빈번하게 영향을 미치는 요소 중 하나이다. 그러나 이러한 중요함과는 다르게 행운과 불운이 인간의 정보처리에 미치는 직접적인 효과를 검증한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 따라서 본 연구는 행운과 불운점화가 추론에 미치는 효과를 관찰함으로써 운이 인간의 삶에 미치는 영향을 직접적으로 확인하고자 했다. 이를 확인하기 위해 두 가지 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 1은 행운 또는 불운을 점화한 후, 살인사건을 맡은 경찰이 되어 적절한 단서를 포함시키는 과제를 수행하도록 했다. 실험 2에서는 행운 혹은 불운을 점화한 후, 부적절한 단서를 제거하는 과제를 수행하도록 했다. 결과적으로 실험 1은 행운점화 조건에서 단서를 포함시킨 수가 불운점화 조건보다 많았고, 실험 2에서는 불운점화 조건에서 단서를 제거한 수가 행운점화 조건보다 많았다. 이는 행운점화가 종합적 추론을 증가시키고, 불운점화가 분석적 추론을 증가시킨 결과로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구가 인지심리학과 같은 기초분야 뿐만 아니라, 소비자행동, 중독심리와 같은 응용장면에도 다양하게 활용되길 기대한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cassotti, M., Habib, M., Poirel, N., Aite, A., Houde, O., & Moutier, S. (2012). Positive emotional context eliminates the framing effect in decision-making. Emotion, 12, 926-931. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026788
  2. Choi, I., Dalal, R., Kim-Prieto, C., & Park, H. (2003). Culture and judgment of causal relevance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.46
  3. De Martino, B., Camerer, C. F., & Adolphs, R. (2010). Amygdala damage eliminates monetary loss aversion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 3788-3792.
  4. De Martino, B., Kumaran, D., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2006). Frames, biases, and rational decisionmaking in the human brain. Science, 313, 684-687. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128356
  5. Erez, A., & Isen, A. M. (2002). The influence of positive affect on the components of expectancy motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 1055-1067. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.6.1055
  6. Fong, M. (2000). "Luck talk" in celebrating the Chinese New Year. Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 219-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00048-X
  7. Gasper, K., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Attending to the big picture: Mood and global vs. local processing of visual information. Psychological Science, 13, 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00406
  8. Hansen, J. & Trope, Y. (2013). When time flies: How abstract and concrete mental construal affect the perception of time. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 142, 336-347. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029283
  9. Isen, A. M., & Daubman, K. A. (1984). The influence of affect on categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1206-1217. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.6.1206
  10. Isen, A. M., & Geva, N. (1987). The influence of positive affect on acceptable level of risk: The person with a large canoe has a large worry. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 39, 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(87)90034-3
  11. Isen, A. M., & Patrick, R. (1983). The effect of positive feelings on risk taking: When the chips are down. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 31, 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(83)90120-4
  12. Koo, M., Clore, G. L., Kim, J., & Choi, I. (2012). Affective facilitation and inhibition of cultural influences on reasoning. Cognition & Emotion, 26, 680-689. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.613920
  13. Kramer, T., & Block, L. (2008). Conscious and nonconscious components of superstitious beliefs in judgment and decision making. Journal of Consumer Research, 34, 783-793. https://doi.org/10.1086/523288
  14. Mackie, D. M., Asuncion, A. G., & Rosselli, F. (1992). The impact of positive affect on persuasion processes. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Emotion and social behavior (pp. 201-220). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  15. Radford, E., & Radford, M. (1961). Encyclopedia of superstitions: A history of superstition. London, United Kingdom: Hutchinson.
  16. Vyse, S. A. (1997). Believing in magic: The psychology of superstition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  17. Wohl, M. J., & Enzle, M. E. (2002). The deployment of personal luck: Sympathetic magic and illusory control in games of pure chance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1388-1397. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616702236870
  18. Xu, A. J., Zwick, R., & Schwarz, N. (2012). Washing away your (good or bad) luck: physical cleansing affects risk-taking behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 141, 26-30.