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Effect of Microbial Flora and Inoculation of Probiotics on Fermenting Characteristics of Naked Barley Grain (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

쌀보리 종실 내 미생물 분포와 생균제 접종이 발효특성에 미치는 영향

  • Ahn, Hye-Jin (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Ki Hyun (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jo, Eun Seok (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jo Eun (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Kwang-Sik (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Young Hwa (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Tae Hwa (National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Jong Ho (National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kang, Hwan Ku (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jang, Sun Sik (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Young Kyoon (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Cheon, Dong Won (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seol, Kuk-Hwan (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 안혜진 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김기현 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 조은석 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김조은 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김광식 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 김영화 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 송태화 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 박종호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 강환구 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 장선식 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 오영균 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 천동원 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원) ;
  • 설국환 (농촌진흥청 국립축산과학원)
  • Received : 2015.11.26
  • Accepted : 2015.12.01
  • Published : 2015.12.31

Abstract

This study was performed to analyze the resident microbial flora and the effects of probiotic inoculation on the fermentation characteristics of whole grain naked barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) with the goal of evaluating the possibility of utilization as fermented feedstuff. Naked barley grains were harvested 35 days after heading, and the microbial flora was analyzed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. After inoculation of commercial microbes to the naked barley grain (BT), the pH and number of bacteria, such as aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and E. coli, were measured and compared with the non-inoculated control (BC). A total of 122 colonies was isolated from the naked barley grain and the most popular bacteria species was Staphylococcus xylosus (n = 30, 24.59%). The pH value decreased more rapidly in BT than in BC, and was significantly lower after 7 days of fermentation at $4.33{\pm}0.02$ and $4.83{\pm}0.01$, respectively. The number of aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast showed an increasing trend within the first 7 days of fermentation, however, their numbers decreased at 28 and 42 days of fermentation. The population of lactic acid bacteria in BT was higher than in BC, but there was no significant different at 7 days of fermentation, with respective levels of $9.24{\pm}0.20$ and $9.01{\pm}0.10logCFU/g$ (p>0.05). The initial number of E. coli was very high in the naked barley grain but subsequently decreased significantly. After 7 days of fermentation, E. coli was not detected in either BT or BC samples. From these results, it appears that the fermentation of naked barley grain proceeded adequately after 7 days, and that fermentation contributes to the safety of naked barley grain during storage.

본 시험은 동계작물인 쌀보리의 알곡에 대한 사료로서의 활용도를 제고하고자 미생물 분포를 분석하고, 발효과정중 이화학적 및 미생물학적 특성의 변화 분석을 통하여 효과적인 발효사료 제조방법을 제시하고자 수행하였다. 즉, 수확된 쌀보리 종실에 시판 생균제를 기준에 맞게 접종한 후 공기와 접촉하지 않도록 밀봉하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 발효를 통해 쌀보리 종실의 저장성과 안전성을 증진시킬 수 있다. 쌀보리 종실 자체에 Staphylococcus속과 Bacillus속의 미생물들이 다수 존재하여 자연발효의 가능성이 있음을 보여 주었다. 또한 생균제를 접종하지 않은 쌀보리 종실도 기간이 경과됨에 따라 산도가 저하되고 유산균 수가 증가하여 발효가 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 쌀보리 종실에 생균제를 접종하였을 경우, 발효 7일차에 pH가 $4.33{\pm}0.02$로 발효가 더 빨리 진행되었으며, 유산균의 수도 전체 발효기간 동안 미 접종 대조구에 비해 높게 유지되었으나, 효모의 수에 있어서는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 발효에 의해 쌀보리 종실의 산도가 저하됨에 따라 초기 $10^7cfu/g$ 이상 검출되었던 대장균이 발효 7일차 이후부터는 전혀 검출되지 않아 발효가 쌀보리 종실의 안전성을 유지시키는 데 있어 효과적인 저장방법으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

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