DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clinical Practice Guidelines of Korean Medicine for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

간세포암종 치료에 대한 한의 임상 가이드라인

  • Hong, Sang-Hoon (Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui university) ;
  • Son, Ho-Young (Bareunmom-Clean Oriental Medical Clinic)
  • 홍상훈 (동의대학교 한의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 손호영 (바른몸 맑은 한의원)
  • Received : 2015.03.28
  • Accepted : 2015.04.20
  • Published : 2015.04.25

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide (fifth in male, seventh in female) and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Since 2001, the various research group in the United States, Europe and Asia have published clinical practice guidelines for HCC. In Korea, a clinical practice guideline for HCC have been published by The Korean Liver Cancer Study Group in 2003, revised in 2009 and 2014. In China, oriental medicine clinical practice guideline have been published for the first time in 2014, and in the oriental medical profession of Korea, there is growing need for the guideline. This study will introduce the methods of diagnosis and the medical therapeutics which is commonly utilized for HCC in Korea, and existing korean medicine clinical practice guideline for Disease Analysis and Treatment(辨證論治) and herbal therapy of HCC. Further clinical research about various herbal medicines are needed to develop more advanced guideline of HCC.

Keywords

References

  1. El-Serag HB, Rudolph KL. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 132:2557-76, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.04.061
  2. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 127:2893-2917, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25516
  3. Center MM, Jemal A. International trends in liver cancer incidence rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 20:2362-2368, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0643
  4. Bosetti C, Turati F, Vecchia CL. Hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiology. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 28(5): 753-770, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2014.08.007
  5. 보건복지부 중앙암등록본부. 국가암등록사업 연례 보고서(2012년 암등록통계). 2014
  6. 통계청. 2013년 사망 및 사망원인 통계 온라인 간행물, 2014
  7. Lim YS, Shin DH, Kim SH, Korea Central Cancer Registry, Hwang JS. Characteristics and Survival of Korean Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nationwide Random Sample Study. Korean J Liver cancer 14(2):97-107, 2014 https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.14.2.97
  8. 박중원. 국가간암조기검진사업. 대한간학회지 8(suppl 3):s16-s19, 2002
  9. 閆建國, 姚樹坤. 中醫對原發性肝癌的辨證硏究及治療. 中西醫結合肝病雜誌 20(3): 189-191, 2010
  10. 林洪生. 惡性腫瘤中醫診療指南. pp371-399, 北京, 人民衛生出版社, 2014
  11. Song P, Tobe RG, Inagaki Y, Kokudo N, Hasegawa K, Sugawara Y, Tang W. The management of hepatocellular carcinoma around the world: a comparison of guideline 2001 to 2011. Liver International 32(7) :1053-1063, 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02792.x
  12. 대한간암학회, 국립암센터. 2014 간세포암종 진료 가이드라인(온라인 간행물). p. 1-94, 서울, 2014
  13. Guyatt Gh, Oxman AD, Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, Schunemann HJ. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 336:924-6, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD
  14. 馮利. 簡明中西醫結合腫瘤病學. p199-213, 北京, 科學技術文獻出版社, 2008
  15. Zhou B. Research on disease, syndrome and symptom of liver cancer in ancient TCM literature. chinese archives of traditional chinese medicine 29(12):2714-15, 2011
  16. Zhang BH, Yang BH, Tang ZY. Randomized controlled trial of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 130:417-422, 2004
  17. Kim JW. National cancer screening program for Hepatocelluar carcinoma. Korean J Med 84(5)670-671, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2013.84.5.670
  18. Kudo M, Izumi N, Kukudo N, Kokudo N, Matsui O, Sakamoto M, Nakashima O, Kojiro M, Makuuchi M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: Consensu-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines proposed by the Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) 2010 Updated version. Dig Dis 29:339-364, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1159/000327577
  19. Trevisani F, D'Intino PE, Morselli-Labate AM, Mazzella G, Accogli E, Caraceni P, Domenicali M, De Notariis S, Roda E, Bernardi M. Serum alpha-fetoprotein for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: influence of HBsAg and anti-HCV status. J Hepatol 34:570-575, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(00)00053-2
  20. Chen DS, Sung JL, Sheu JC, Lai MY, How SW, Hsu HC, Lee CS, Wei TC. Serum alpha-fetoprotein in the early stage of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 86:1404-1409, 1984
  21. Kudo M, Okanoue T. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: consensus-based clinical practice manual proposed by the Japan Society of Hepatology. Oncology 72 Suppl 1:2-15, 2007
  22. Wong GL, Chan HL, Tse YK, Chan HY, Tse CH, Lo AO, Wong VW. On-treatment alpha-fetoprotein is a specific tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving entecavir. Hepatology 59 (3): 986-95, 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26739
  23. Colli A, Fraquelli M, Casazza G, Massironi S, Colucci A, Conte D, Duca P. Accuracy of Ultrasonography, Spiral CT, Magnetic Resonance, and Alpha-Fetoprotein in Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Gastroenterology 101:513-523, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00467.x
  24. Matsui O. Detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma by imaging. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3:S136-140, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1542-3565(05)00707-X
  25. Piscaglia F, Bolondi L. Recent advances in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 37 Suppl 2:S178-192, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034X.2007.00183.x
  26. Jain D. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: fine needle aspiration cytology or needle core biopsy. J Clin Gastroenterol 35:S101-108, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-200211002-00006
  27. Roskams T, Kojiro M. Pathology of early hepatocellular carcinoma: conventional and molecular diagnosis. Seminars Liver Dis 30(1):17-25, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1247129
  28. Choi JI. Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. korean J of liver cancer study group. 11(1):26-32, 2011
  29. Ueno S, Tanabe G, Nuruki K, Hamanoue M, Komorizono Y, Oketani M, Hokotate H, Inoue H, Baba Y, Imamura Y, Aikou T. Prognostic performance of the new classification of primary liver cancer of Japan (4th edition) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a validation analysis. Hepatol Res 24(4):395-403, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-6346(02)00144-4
  30. Forner A, Reig M, de Lope CR, Bruix J. Current strategy for staging and treatment: the BCLC update and future prospects. Semin Liver Dis 30:61-74, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1247133
  31. 鄭筱萸. 中藥新藥臨床硏究指導原則(試行). p.208-216, 北京, 中國醫藥科技出版社, 2002
  32. 전국한의과대학간계내과학교수. 간계내과학. p.357-373, 서울, 도서출판 나도, 2013
  33. 沈旭波, 侯鳳剛, 劉慶, 嶽小強, 顧偉, 鄧哲偉, 王喜. 原發性肝癌1368例中醫單 證出現狀況文獻分析, 中醫藥學刊 22(1):69-70, 2004
  34. 陳喆, 侯風剛, 孫克興. 肝癌中醫證型的 文獻分析. 安徽中醫學院學報, 21(2):25-26, 2002
  35. 侯鳳剛, 淩昌全, 沈旭波, 劉慶, 嶽小強, 顧偉, 鄧哲偉, 王喜, 賀佳. 原發性肝癌中醫證型分布文獻簡析. 中醫雜志 45(11):876-77, 2004
  36. 司富春, 嶽靜宇, 劉紫陽. 近30 年臨床原發性肝癌中醫證型和用藥規律分析. 世界中西醫結合雜志 6(1):8-10, 2011
  37. 鍾毅, 徐凱, 周紅. 肝癌證候初步研究. 中醫研究 13(5):7-9, 2000
  38. 侯鳳剛, 淩昌全, 趙鋼, 賀憲民. 原發性肝癌中醫基本證候臨床分布狀況調查分析. 上海中醫藥雜志 39(2):22-23, 2005
  39. 方肇勤, 李永健, 唐辰龍, 馬駿, 管冬元, 陳德溯. 2060 例原發性肝癌患者證候特點分析. 中醫雜志 5(1):53-54, 2004
  40. 燕忠生, 魏千程, 張慧淵, 孟慶常, 丁輝, 閆向勇. 原發性肝癌中醫證型臨床特點與預後關系研究. 實用中醫內科雜志, 20(4):411-12, 2006
  41. 楊小兵, 龍順欽, 吳萬垠, 鄧宏, 潘宗奇, 河文峰, 周宇姝, 廖桂雅, 歐陽育樹, 李秋萍, 黃鸝, 胡學軍, 肖舒靜, 蔡姣芝. 原發性肝癌中醫證型分布及生存期差異研究. 中國中西醫結合雜志 33(7):911-914, 2013
  42. 鬱仁存, 王笑民. 21世紀中西醫結合腫瘤研究前瞻. 中醫雜誌 42(1)50-52, 2001
  43. Wu P, Dugoua JJ, Eyawo O, Mills EJ. Traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of hepatocellular cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 28:112-124, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-9966-28-112
  44. 郭麗詩, 楊蒡, 田雪飛. 中西醫結合原發性肝癌臨床隨機對照硏究的系統評價與Meta分析, 湖南中醫雜誌, 30(7):155-157, 2014
  45. Capussotti L, Muratore A, Massucco P, Ferrero A, Polastri R, Bouzari H. Major liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis: early and long-term outcomes. Liver Transpl 10:S64-68, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.20035
  46. Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, Ng IO, Liu CL, Lam CM, Wong J. Improving survival results after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study of 377 patients over 10 years. Ann Surg 234:63-70, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-200107000-00010
  47. 김재홍, 최동욱, 김상범. 대상성 간경변증을 동반한 간세포암에서 대량 간 절제술의 안전성과 장기 성적. 대한외과학회지, 70:444-450, 2006
  48. Huang J, Zhang Y, Peng Z, Gao H, Xu L, Jiao LR, Chen M. A modified TNM-7 staging system to better predict the survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 139:1709-1719, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-013-1497-y
  49. Torzilli G, Belghiti J, Kokudo N, Takayama T, Capussotti L, Nuzzo G, Vauthey JN, Choti MA, De Santibanes E, Donadon M, Morenghi E, Makuuchi M. A snapshot of the effective indications and results of surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma in tertiary referral centers: is it adherent to the EASL/AASLD recommendations?: an observational study of the HCC East-West study group. Ann Surg 257 (5):929-37, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e31828329b8
  50. Minagawa M, Makuuchi M, Takayama T, Kokudo N. Selection criteria for repeat hepatectomy in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 238:703-710, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000094549.11754.e6
  51. Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg 60:646-649, 1973 https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800600817
  52. Oken MM, Creech RH, Tormey DC, Horton J, Davis TE, McFadden ET, Carbone PP. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 5(6):649-55, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000421-198212000-00014
  53. Lee KW. Gobal Discrepancy of Practical Guidelines for Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Resection and Transplanation. Korean J liver study group 11(1):18-22, 2011
  54. Llovet JM, Fuster J, Bruix J. Intention-totreat analysis of surgical treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma: resection versus transplantation. Hepatology 30:1434-1440, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510300629
  55. Kim DY, Paik YH, Ahn SH, Youn YJ, Choi JW, Kim JK, Lee KS, Chon CY, Han KH. PIVKA-II Is a Useful Tumor Marker for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgical Resection. Oncology 72 Suppl 1:52-57, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1159/000111707
  56. 張院輝, 覃曉, 徐靜, 孫振, 郎慶波, 嶽小強, 翟笑楓. 58例肝癌患者手術前後中醫複合證證候特點初步研究. 中西醫結合肝病雜志 22(2):75-80, 2012
  57. 傅鳳霞, 張正芳, 王琦. 原發性肝癌手術後辨證治療60例. 南京中醫藥大學學報 13(5):314-315, 1997
  58. 陳子瑤, 梁健, 鄧鑫. 中西醫結合預防原發性肝癌術後複發作用的系統評價. 中國中西醫結合雜志 34(6):671-675, 2014
  59. 沈先東, 胡順金, 任克軍, 吳俊. 八珍湯治療腫瘤相關性貧血療效觀察. 中醫藥臨床雜志 22(5):401-403, 2010
  60. 李濱, 齊鳳琴, 李燕敏, 劉石磊. 補中益氣湯抗腫瘤作用的實驗研究. 中醫藥學報 34(1): 22-23, 2006
  61. 曹娟, 黃宇玫. 當歸補血湯治療癌性貧血 的實驗研究. 江西中醫學院學報 5(6):69-71, 2013
  62. 周利. 大黃蟅蟲丸聯合吉西他濱及奧沙利鉑方案治療原發性肝癌臨床觀察. 新中醫 46(2): 161-163, 2014
  63. 王丹, 艾華. 鱉甲煎丸化裁對肝癌22荷瘤小鼠抗腫瘤作用的實驗研究. 中華中醫藥學刊 25(3):582-584, 2007
  64. Lai EC, Fan ST, Lo CM, Chu KM, Liu CL, Wong J. Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. An audit of 343 patients. Ann Surg 221:291-298, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199503000-00012
  65. Matsui O, Kadoya M, Yoshikawa J, Gabata T, Takashima T, Demachi H. Subsegmental transcatheter arterial embolization for small hepatocellular carcinomas: local therapeutic effect and 5-year survival rate. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 33 Suppl:S84-88, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00686674
  66. Takayasu K, Arii S, Ikai I, Omata M, Okita K, Ichida T, Matsuyama Y, Nakanuma Y, Kojiro M, Makuuchi M, Yamaoka Y. Prospective cohort study of transarterial chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in 8510 patients. Gastroenterology 131:461-469, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2006.05.021
  67. Yoo SH, Bae SH. Complications Associated with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Korean J of liver cancer study group, 11(2):144-148, 2011
  68. Song MJ. Transarterial Chemoembolization with Drug-Eluting Beads for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Korean J liver study group 12(2):88-92, 2012
  69. Lammer J, Malagari K, Vogl T, Pilleul F, Denys A, Watkinson A, Pitton M, Sergent G, Pfammatter T, Terraz S, Benhamou Y, Avajon Y, Gruenberger T, Pomoni M, Langenberger H, Schuchmann M, Dumortier J, Mueller C, Chevallier P, Lencioni R. Prospective randomized study of doxorubicineluting-bead embolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: results of the PRECISION V study. CardioVascular & Interventional Radiology 33(1):41-52, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-009-9711-7
  70. Yun HJ, Cho SB, Chung HH. Radioembolization of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Korean J of Liver cancer study group 10(1): 29-34, 2010
  71. Sacco R, Bargellini I, Bertini M, Bozzi E, Romano A, Petruzzi P, Tumino E, Ginanni B, Federici G, Cioni R, Metrangolo S, Bertoni M, Bresci G, Parisi G, Altomare E, Capria A, Bartolozzi C. Conventional versus doxorubicin-eluting bead transarterial chemoemboli zation for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 22(11):1545-52, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2011.07.002
  72. 李霄茜, 淩昌全. 中藥緩解原發性肝癌患者經動脈栓塞化療術後副作用的系統綜述 和meta分析. 中西醫結合學報 10(12):1341-1362, 2012
  73. 蔣樹龍, 劉瑞, 花寶金. 中醫藥聯合TACE治療原發性肝癌的系統評價. 遼寧中醫雜志 40(12):2406-2409, 2013
  74. 李禹廷, 劉楊, 高文豔, 林一帆. 中藥聯合肝動脈栓塞化療治療原發性肝癌有效率Meta分析. 創傷與急危重病醫學 2(6): 341-343, 2014
  75. 孟茂斌, 崔堯麗, 官詠松, 佘斌. 中藥配合肝動脈塞栓化療治療原發性肝癌隨機對照試驗的Meta分析. 中國循證醫學雜誌 8(1):21-31, 2008
  76. 郭尹玲, 鍾森, 扈曉宇, 塗翔. 扶正祛邪法聯合TACE 對中晚期肝癌患者生存質量影響的系統評價. 中西醫結合研究 2(3): 116-121, 2010
  77. Thomas MB. Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Journal 14(2):123-7, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0b013e31816a6058
  78. Johnson PJ. Is there a role for systemic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma, and if so, can we assess response?. Educational book, American Society of Clinical Oncology 2002
  79. Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, Hilgard P, Gane E, Blanc JF, de Oliveira AC, Santoro A, Raoul JL, Forner A, et al. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. New England Journal of Medicine 359(4):378-90, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0708857
  80. Cheng AL, Kang YK, Chen Z, Tsao CJ, Qin S, Kim JS, Luo R, Feng J, Ye S, Yang TS, et al. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Lancet Oncology 10(1): 25-34, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70285-7
  81. Wang Z, Wu XL, Zeng WZ, Xu GS, Xu H, Weng M, Hou JN, Jiang MD, Meta-analysis of the efficacy of sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14(2):691-694, 2013 https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.2.691
  82. Shu X, McCulloch M, Xiao H, Broffman M, Gao J. Chinese herbal medicine and chemotherapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Integrative Cancer Therapies 4(3):219-29, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735405279927
  83. 王雄文, 陳日輝, 索拉非尼配合辨證中藥湯劑治療晚期原發性肝癌18例臨床觀察. 藥物與臨床 35(5):48-49, 2008
  84. 索拉非尼聯合華蟾素片治療中晚期原發性肝癌的臨床療效觀察. 中國癌症雜志 22(11):856- 859, 2012
  85. 賈瑞明, 宋俊生. 旋覆代赭湯及其加減方預防腫瘤化療後惡心嘔吐臨床隨機對照 試驗的Meta分析, 吉林中醫藥 30(3):218-259, 2010
  86. 賈淑麗. 橘皮竹茹湯治療腫瘤化療的消化反應58例療效觀察. Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine 3(13):46-47, 2011
  87. 張弦. 八珍湯治療惡性腫瘤放, 化療後骨髓抑制30例臨床觀察. 湖南中醫藥 29(4):51-53, 2013
  88. 李寶鴻, 廉南. 加味當歸補血湯對腫瘤患者放化療增效減毒作用的臨床觀察 附:392例病例報告. 成都中醫藥大學學報 28(2):7-9, 2005
  89. 王一安. 十全大補湯加減防治化療毒副反應70例臨床觀察. 浙江中醫雜志 46(8):576, 2011
  90. 夏淸山. 六味地黃丸在化療中增效減毒作用的臨床觀察. 湖北中醫雜誌 27(11):14-15, 2005
  91. 王慶倫, 鮑廷鋒, 許軍. 清瘟敗毒飲的藥理作用與臨床應用概況. 江西中醫學院學報 7(4): 183-4, 1995
  92. 宋金凱. 參苓白術散合四神丸加減治療慢性腹瀉80例. 內蒙古中醫藥 25(6):7, 2006
  93. Jeong TY, Park BK, Cho JH, Son CG. Clinical Analysis of 312 Patients with Hepatobiliary Cancer in Oriental Hospital. Korean J Orient Med 30(5):163-173, 2009
  94. Cho JH, Yoo HS, Lee YW, Son CK, Cho CK.Clinical study in 320 cases for cancer patients on the effect Hangamdan. Thesis Collection of Daejeon University, Institute of korean medicine. 12(2):157-75, 2004
  95. Wang JH, Son JY, Shin JW, Son CK. Hepatoprotective effect of CGX via antioxidative properties in acute mice model. Korean J Orient Int Med. 25:74-81, 2008
  96. Hawkins MA, Dawson LA. Radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: from palliation to cure. Cancer 106:1653-1663, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21811
  97. Kim TH, Kim DY, Park JW, Kim SH, Choi JI, Kim HB, Lee WJ, Park SJ, Hong EK, Kim CM, Dose-volumetric parameters predicting radiation-induced hepatic toxicity in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 67(1):225-31, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.08.015
  98. Meng MB, Cui YL, Lu Y, She B, Chen Y, Guan YS, Zhang RM. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in combination with radiotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiother Oncol 92(2):184-194, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2008.11.002
  99. 史玉樹. 腫瘤放療反應的中醫中藥治療. 中國衛生產業 27:175, 2012
  100. 陳乃傑, 金源, 劉燕珠, 陳雲鶯. 中醫辨證配合放射治療原發性肝癌的臨床觀察. 浙江中西醫結合雜志 7(3):145-46, 1997
  101. 康慶偉, 閻姝. 茵陳蒿湯的藥理作用及臨床應用進展 中國中西醫結合外科雜志19(4): 474-75, 2013
  102. 張正升, 彭代銀. 桃紅四物湯臨床應用研究進展. 安徽醫藥 15(5):529-531, 2011
  103. Hong SH, Roh SY, Kim SY, Shin SW, Kim CS, Choi JH, Kim SY, Yim CY, Sohn CH, Song HS, Hong YS. Change in cancer pain management in Korea between 2001 and 2006: results of two nationwide surveys. J Pain Symptom Manage 41(1): 93-103, 2011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.03.025
  104. Kim JY, Jang WY, Hur MH, Lee KK, Do YR, Park KU, Hong YS, Song HS. Prevalence and management of pain by different age groups of Korean cancer patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care] 30(4):393-398, 2013 https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909112452624
  105. 보건복지부. 암성통증관리지침 권고안(제5판). 서울, 보건복지부, 2012
  106. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practive guideline in oncology. adult cancer pain. Vol. 1. Fort Washington: National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2013
  107. 杜業勤, 王慶全, 哈木拉提, 吾甫爾. 中藥內服方治療癌性疼痛用藥規律分析. 遼寧中醫雜志 39(7):1330-1332, 2012
  108. 張雲燕, 唐穎慧, 彭彩鈺, 鍾森肝癌疼痛的中醫外治概況. 四川中醫 32(2)189-191, 2014
  109. 王科, 張穎. 肝癌疼痛的中醫外治概況及思考. 中醫中藥 10(15):138-143, 2013
  110. 賈文睿, 侯中偉, 睢明河. 針灸療法防治原發性肝癌的研究進展. 針灸臨床雜志 30(2):71-74, 2014
  111. 孫其喆, 袁梅. 針灸聯合穴位注射治療肝癌癌痛的系統評價. 大家健康 7(6):184-186, 2013
  112. 吳毅軍. 針灸聯合三階藥物療法對原發性肝癌疼痛鎮痛作用的療效觀察. 湖北中醫藥大學學報 17(1):87-89, 2015
  113. 彭輝, 張志芳. 蜂針聯合三階梯止痛療法治療癌痛的臨床觀察. 湖南中醫藥大學學報 30(9):222-225, 2010
  114. 葛來安, 彭莉莉, 楊保東. 蜂針聯合中藥治療晚期肝癌的臨床體會. 江西中醫藥 40(11): 36-37, 2009
  115. 周傑, 梁宜, 陳勤, 方劍喬. 耳針治療癌痛隨機對照研究的Meta分析. 中華中醫藥學刊 32(10):2326-2330, 2014
  116. Miller AB, Hoogstraten B, Staquet M, Winkler A. Reporting results of cancer treatment. Cancer 47:207-214, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19810101)47:1<207::AID-CNCR2820470134>3.0.CO;2-6
  117. Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, Verweij J, Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Christian MC, Gwyther SG. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst 92(3):205-216, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/92.3.205
  118. Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, Rubinstein L, Shankar L, Dodd L, Kaplan R, Lacombe D, Verwejj J. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer 45(2):228-247, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026
  119. Lencioni R, Llovet JM. Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 30(1):52-60, 2010 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1247132
  120. Kim SY. Response Evaluation Assessment in HCC: Modified RECIST. Korean J liver cancer study group. 11(2):111-115, 2011
  121. Choi JI. Treatment Response Evaluation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Korean J liver cancer study group. 12(1):16-22, 2012