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The Membrane Society of Korea (한국막학회)
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Seawater Desalination Pretreatments and Future Challenges

해수담수화 전처리 기술과 향후 도전

  • Jang, Hoseok (Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Kwon, Deaeun (Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Jeonghwan (Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University)
  • Received : 2015.08.15
  • Accepted : 2015.08.24
  • Published : 2015.08.31
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Abstract

Importance of pretreatment for seawater desalination is growing rapidly. Proper selection of pretreatment is critical for the successful, long-term operation in the seawater desalination plant such as seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). The purposes of seawater pretreatment are to remove particulate, colloidal materials, organic, inorganic materials, microorganisms and their by-products present in the seawater, and thus to improve the performance of seawater desalination systems. However, pretreatment is most challenging for designing and operating seawater desalination plants because of fluctuations of water qualities, site specifications and wide ranges of target materials present in the seawater to be treated. In addition, it is also becoming evident increasingly that microscopic algae are a major cause of operational problems, for example, membrane fouling which is long-standing problem in SWRO process. Pretreatment strategies prior to the operation of seawater desalination technologies should be even more complicated by algae blooms and release of their harmful by-products in marine environment. This paper reviews the roles of various pretreatment methods in seawater desalination process. Benefits and drawbacks are described, which should be taken into account in future studies on selecting pretreatment for seawater desalination process.

최근 해수담수화 기술에 관한 관심이 증가하면서 해수 전처리 기술의 중요성이 날로 증가하고 있다. 해수담수화 기술은 미래 수처리 핵심기술로 자리매김하고 있고 이를 위한 전처리 기술의 올바른 선택과 운영은 향후 해수담수화 기술의 효율향상과 공정 최적화를 위해 중요하게 고려되어야 할 것이다. 해수담수화 전처리 기술의 목적은 주로 해수에 존재하는 입자성 물질, 콜로이드성 물질, 유기물질, 무기물질 그리고 미생물 오염물질 등의 처리를 통해 후단 담수화 기술의 효율성을 향상시키기 위함이나 전처리 기술 대상 처리물질의 범위는 매우 다양하여 맞춤형 전처리 기술의 적절한 적용이 필요하다. 해수담수화에서 올바른 전처리 기술의 적용은 후단 담수화 시설의 높은 처리효율 및 문제점을 최소화시킴과 동시에 해수의 큰 수질변동과 기후적인 그리고 지역적인 영향 등에 즉각적으로 대처할 수 있으므로 전처리 기술의 운영전략은 미래 해수담수화 기술의 성공여부를 결정짓기 위해 매우 중요하게 다루어져야 한다. 또한 최근에 많은 관심을 가지고 있는 해수 미세조류의 번성은 담수화 전처리 기술의 선정에 있어서 잠재적인 장애가 되고 있어 이에 대한 올바른 이해도 반드시 필요하다. 본 총설에서는 해수담수화 전처리 기술에 관한 그동안의 연구동향을 분석하고 해수담수화 전처리 기술의 선택 및 운전 최적화 달성을 위한 향후 도전과제들을 제시하고자 한다.

Keywords

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