DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Validation of the Gerotranscendence Scale of Erikson's 9th Stage

Erikson의 9단계 노년초월척도의 한국판 타당화

  • An, Jeong-Shin (Dept. of Child Development & Family Studies, Pusan National University)
  • 안정신 (부산대학교 아동가족학과, 노인생활환경연구소)
  • Received : 2014.12.02
  • Accepted : 2014.12.11
  • Published : 2015.02.27

Abstract

This study introduces the possibility of the $9^{th}$ stage by Joan Erikson by adding Erikson's original theory of the $8^{th}$ stage and validates the gerotranscendece scale in later life. For this, 10 items from Erikson's scale was examined and the relationships among gerotranscendence, ego-integrity, and wisdom were examined using a sample of 244 elderly individuals over the age of 60. According to the results, the measurement of gerotranscendence based on Erikson was applicable to the Korean sample. In addition, ego-integrity and wisdom influenced gerotranscendence in later life. Based on these results, the validity of gerotranscedence, psychosocial development in the $9^{th}$ stage, discussed and the utility of Erikson's theory is emphasized.

Keywords

References

  1. An JS, Chong YS, Jeong YJ, Seo SG, Cooney TM(2011) Critical aspirations from studies of successful aging. Korean J Developmental Psychology 24(3), 35-54
  2. An JS, Cooney TM(2006) Psychological well-being in mid to late life: The role of generativity development and parent-child relationships across the lifespan. Int J Behav Dev 30(5), 410-421 https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025406071489
  3. An JS, Chong YS, Seo SG(2013) The relationships among the matured aging attitude, successful aging, and psycho=social maturation: The examination of the matured aging. Korean J Developmental Psychology 26(2), 127-143
  4. Agren M(1998) A qualitative longitudinal study of how the oldest old experience and adjust to the increasing uncertainty of existence. Int J Aging Hum Dev 47, 105-117 https://doi.org/10.2190/QXB6-1RT8-TFQ2-D33B
  5. Atchley RC(1999) Continuity and adaptation in aging. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. Press
  6. Braam AW, Bramsen I, Van Tilburg TG, Van Der ploeg HM, Deeg DJH(2006) Cosmic transcendence and framework of meaning in life: Patterns among older adults in The Netherlands. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 61(3), 121-128 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.3.S121
  7. Brown C, Lowis MJ(2003) Psychosocial development in the elderly: An investigation into Erikson's ninth stage. J Aging Stud 17(4), 415-426 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(03)00061-6
  8. Bruyneel S, Marcoen A, Soenens B(2005) Gerotranscendence: components and spiritual roots in the second half of life. DTEW Research Report 0564, 1-27
  9. Choi SJ(1986) A study on the development of measuring scale of he concept of life satisfaction. Korea Cultural Research Institute Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea 49. 233-258
  10. Degges-White S(2005) Understanding gerotranscendence in older adults: a new perspective for counselors. Adultspan J 4(1). 36-48 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0029.2005.tb00116.x
  11. Erikson EH(1963) Childhood and society. 2nd ed. New York: Norton
  12. Erikson EH, Erikson JM, Kivnick HQ(1986) Vital involvement in old age. New York: Norton
  13. Erikson EH(1998) The life cycle completed. Extended version with new chapters on the ninth stage by Joan M. Erikson. New York: Norton
  14. Eom HJ(2001) Methodological comparisons between principal component and common factor models: use, misuse, and abuse. Korean J Measurement Evaluation Physical Education Sport Science 3(1), 101-130
  15. Han GH, Lee JH, Kim JH(2002) Hundred aged elderly and their families in Korea. Family culture, 14(2). 59-84
  16. Han GH, Lee JH, Kim JH(2004) Korean centenarians and the meanings of living a long - life. Korean J Community Living Sci 15(3). 121-135
  17. Hall E(1983) A conversation with Erik Erikson. Psychol Today 22-30
  18. Hsieh LY, Wang JJ(2008) The relationship between gerotranscendence and demographics in institutionalized elders. J Nursing 55(6). 37-46
  19. Johnson CL, Barer BM(1993) Coping and a sense of control among the oldest old: An exploratory analysis. J Aging Stud 7, 67-80 https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4065(93)90024-E
  20. Jonson H, Magnusson JA(2001) A new age of old age? gerotranscendence and the re-enchantment of ageing. J Aging Stud 15, 317-331 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(01)00026-3
  21. Lee SL, Cho SH(2012) The development and validity of the korean wisdom scale. Korean J Psychological Social Issues 18(1). 1-26
  22. Lee HS, Lim JH(2011) SPSS18.0 manual. 3rd ed. Seoul: Jyphyunjae Publishong co. pp377-380
  23. Levenson MR, Jennings PA, Aldwin CM, Shiraishi RW(2005) Self-transcendence: conceptualization and measurement. Int J Aging Hum Dev 60, 127-143 https://doi.org/10.2190/XRXM-FYRA-7U0X-GRC0
  24. Lin YH(2008) Effects of gerotranscendence support group on gerotranscendence perception, depression, and life satisfaction of institutionalized elders (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Tainan Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
  25. McAdams DP, St. Aubin ED(1992) A theory of generativity and its assessment through self-report, behavioral acts, and narrative themes in autobiography. J Pers Soc Psychol 62(6), 1003-1015 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.6.1003
  26. Nakagawa T(2007) Exploratory research on gerotranscendence of the japanese elderly living in the community. Japanese J Gerontology 29, 202
  27. Nilson M, Ekman SL, Ericsson K, Winblad B(1996) Some characteristics of the quality of life in old age illustrated by means of allardt' concept. Scandinavian J Caring Sci 10, 134-143
  28. Rowe JW, Kahn RL(1998) Successful aging, New York : Pantheon Books
  29. Ryff CD, Heincke SG(1983) Subjective organization of personality in adulthood and aging. J Pers Soc Psychol 44(4), 807-816 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.4.807
  30. Scarcello J(2010) Fifty & fabulous: The best years of a woman's life. London: Duncan Baird Publishers
  31. Tomizawa K(2009) Gerotranscendence in everyday life among the oldest old in the amama achipelago. Japanese J Terontology 30(4), 477-488
  32. Torges CM, Stewart AJ, Duncan LE(2008) Achieving ego integrity: personality development in late midlife. J Res Pers 42(4), 1004-1019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.02.006
  33. Torges CM(2006) Achieving ego integrity: personality development in late midlife. University of Michigan
  34. Tornstam L(1994) Gerotranscendence-a theoretical and empirical exploration. In Thomas LE, Eisenhandler SA, eds. Aging and the religious dimension Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, pp203-225
  35. Tornstam L(2005) Gerotranscendence-a developmental theory of positive aging. New York, NY: Springer
  36. Tornstam L(2011) Maturing into gerotranscendence. J Transpersonal Psychology 43, 166-180
  37. Wadensten B(2005) Introducing older people to the theory of gerotranscendence. J Adv Nurs 52, 381-388 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03603.x
  38. Wang JJ, Lin YH, Hsieh LY(2011) Effects of gerotranscendence support group on gerotranscendence perspective, depression, and life satisfaction of institutionalized elders. Aging Ment Health 15, 580-586 https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2010.543663
  39. Yoon MS(2012a) Re-interpretation of aging: gerotranscendence & erikson & erikson's nineth stage. J Korean Geron Soc 32(2), 431-446
  40. Yoon MS(2012b) An exploratory study on the affecting factors of gerotranscendence in metropolitan area in korea. J Welfare Aged 56, 7-32

Cited by

  1. The Influences of Loss Experiences and Depression on Ego-integrity and Transcendence of Elderly Korean Men and Women vol.27, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2016.27.3.405
  2. Themes of Gerotranscendence in Narrative Identity Within Structured Life Review vol.33, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000235