Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Prevalence and Predicting Factors for Anxiety in Thai Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology Undergoing Colposcopy

  • Published : 2015.03.09
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Aim: To compare prevalence of anxiety in women with abnormal cervical cytology (Pap) undergoing colposcopy to that of women attending the outpatient clinic for check-up and to examine predicting factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 100 women with abnormal cervical cytology (abnormal Pap group) and 100 women who attended our outpatient clinic for check-up (control group) were recruited from June 2013 to January 2014. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was employed to determine anxiety in the participants with the score of ${\geq}11$ suggestive of clinically significant anxiety. The prevalence of anxiety and the mean HADS scores for anxiety were compared between the groups. For those with abnormal Pap, association between clinical factors and anxiety was assessed. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Median age was different between the groups, 44.0 years in the abnormal Pap group and 50.0 years in the control group (p=0.01). The proportion of participants who had more than one sexual partner was higher in the abnormal Pap group, 39.2% vs. 24.7% (p=0.03) and the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher 14/100 (14.0%) vs. 3/100 (3.0%) (p < 0.01). The prevalence of depression was comparable between the groups. The mean HADS scores for anxiety and depression subscales were significantly higher in the abnormal Pap group, 6.6 vs. 4.8 (P < 0.01) and 3.9 vs. 3.1 (p=0.05), respectively. For the abnormal Pap group, no definite association between clinical factors and anxiety was demonstrated. Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety in women with abnormal Pap awaiting colposcopy was significantly higher than that of normal controls. Special attention including thorough counselling, with use of information leaflets and psychological support, should be directed to these women.

Keywords

References

  1. Baser E, Togrul C, Ozgu E, et al. (2013). Effect of pre-procedural state-trait anxiety on pain perception and discomfort in women undergoing colposcopy for cervical cytological abnormalities. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 14, 4053-6. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.7.4053
  2. Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res, 52, 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00296-3
  3. Galaal K, Bryant A, Deane KH, Al-Khaduri M, Lopes AD (2011). Interventions for reducing anxiety in women undergoing colposcopy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 6013.
  4. Heinonen A, Tapper AM, Leminen A, Sintonen H, Roine RP (2013). Health-related quality of life and perception of anxiety in women with abnormal cervical cytology referred for colposcopy: an observational study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 169, 387-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.03.033
  5. Kavanagh AM, Broom DH (1997). Women's understanding of abnormal cervical smear test results: a qualitative interview study. BMJ, 314, 1388-91. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7091.1388
  6. Kola S, Walsh JC (2009). Patients' psychological reactions to colposcopy and LLETZ treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 146, 96-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.05.005
  7. Kola S, Walsh JC (2012). Determinants of pre-procedural state anxiety and negative affect in first-time colposcopy patients: implications for intervention. Eur J Cancer Care, 21, 469-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2354.2011.01317.x
  8. Marteau TM, Walker P, Giles J, Smail M (1990). Anxieties in women undergoing colposcopy. BJOG, 97, 859-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02586.x
  9. Nilchaikovit T, Lotrakul M, Phisansuthideth U (1996). Development of Thai version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in cancer patients. J Psychiatr Assoc Thai, 41, 18-30.
  10. Quinn M, Babb P, Jones J, Allen E (1999). Effect of screening on incidence of and mortality from cancer of cervix in England: evaluation based on routinely collected statistics. BMJ, 318, 904-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7188.904
  11. Rogstad KE (2002). The psychological impact of abnormal cytology and colposcopy. BJOG, 109, 364-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.99023.x
  12. Sharifa Ezat WP, Fuad I, Hayati Y, Zafar A, Wanda Kiyah GA (2014). Observational study on patient's satisfactions and quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients receiving treatment with palliative care intent in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 695-701. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.2.695
  13. Stoate HG (1989). Can health screening damage your health? J R Coll Gen Pract, 39, 193-5.
  14. Tuncay T (2014). Coping and quality of life in Turkish women living with ovarian cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15, 4005-12. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.9.4005
  15. Walsh JC, Curtis R, Mylotte M (2004). Anxiety levels in women attending a colposcopy clinic: a randomised trial of an educational intervention using video colposcopy. Patient Educ Couns, 55, 247-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2003.09.012
  16. Willoughby BJ, Faulkner K, Stamp EC, Whitaker CJ (2006). A descriptive study of the decline in cervical screening coverage rates in the North East and Yorkshire and the Humber regions of the UK from 1995 to 2005. J Public Health, 28, 355-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdl062
  17. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 67, 361-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x

Cited by

  1. Reid Colposcopic Index Evaluation: Comparison of General and Oncologic Gynecologists vol.16, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.12.5001