Journal of People, Plants, and Environment (인간식물환경학회지)

Society For People, Plants, And Environment (인간식물환경학회)
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A Comparative Analysis Themal Comfort Index According to the Maximum Temperature School Outdoor Space Green Characteristics

최고기온시 학교 옥외공간 녹지특성에 따른 열쾌적 지표(UTCI, PMV, WBGT) 비교 분석

  • Kim, Jeong-Ho (Department of Green Technology Convergence, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kwon, Ki-Uk (Graduate School of Biological Resources Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University) ;
  • Yoon, Yong-Han (Department of Green Technology Convergence, Konkuk University)
  • 김정호 (건국대학교 녹색기술융합학과) ;
  • 권기욱 (건국대학교 대학원 생명자원환경과학과) ;
  • 윤용한 (건국대학교 녹색기술융합학과)
  • Received : 2015.04.03
  • Accepted : 2015.10.13
  • Published : 2015.10.25
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Abstract

This study tried to compare and analyze the thermal comfort index according to GVZ of school green space. For the analysis, this study performed a correlation analysis with weather elements by measuring and calculating UTCI, PMV, and WBGT according to GVZ. GVZ was in the order of Type 3 ($5.68m^3/m^2$) > Type 2 ($4.71m^3/m^2$) > Type 1 ($3.37m^3/m^2$). The average temperature and solar radiation, surface temperature, globe temperature among weather characteristics was in the order of Type 1> Type 2 > Type 3. The UTCI in the school green space was in the order of Type 1 ($33.95^{\circ}C$) > Type 2 ($33.68^{\circ}C$) > Type 3 ($32.73^{\circ}C$). At Type 3 that the GVZ is higher than other Types, it is belongs to range of $26{\sim}33^{\circ}C$ which gets normal heat stress, and other Types belong to range of $33{\sim}38^{\circ}C$ which gets strong heat stress. The PMV was in the order of Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3, and the estimated rate of unsatisfaction was appeared as 100%, so it is uncomfortable even in the school green space that it requires measure on heat wave. The WBGT was in the order of Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3. The result of the correlation analysis according to the heat comfort index shows that, the higher the green ratio and GVZ are, the UTCI has negative relationship, and PMV and WBGT were analyzed as have no relationship according to green characteristics, but this result was considered as measured at green space when the temperature was at its highest so the uncomfortable feeling was also highest. The result of correlation analysis of green characteristics and the weather elements shows that GVZ and insolation, temperature has negative relationship, so it is considered that the higher the GVZ is, the solar radiation and the temperature are decreased.

본 연구는 인천광역시 학교의 녹지공간을 대상으로 녹지용적계수에 따른 열쾌적 지표비교를 통하여 학교의 녹지공간 설계에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 열쾌적지표는 UTCI, PMV, WBGT를 측정하였으며, 녹지용적계수와 상관성 분석을 실시하였다. 학교별 녹지특성 중 녹지율은 A, B, C, F학교는 학교녹지조성관련법에서 규정하고 있는 15% 이상의 녹지확보 기준 이상이었으며, D와 E학교는 기준 이하였다. 녹지용적계수는 A학교 $3.34m^3/m^2$, B학교 $3.40m^3/m^2$, C학교 $4.71m^3/m^2$, D학교 $4.72m^3/m^2$, E학교 $5.39m^3/m^2$, F학교 $5.97m^3/m^2$이었으며, 모든 학교에서 인천광역시 녹지보전 및 녹화추진 사업에서 선정된 남동구 및 남구학교의 평균녹지용적계수인 $1.59m^3/m^2$ 이상을 보였다. 녹지공간내의 기상특성의 경우, 기온, 일사, 표면온도 흑구온도는 녹지용적계수가 낮을수록 높게 측정되었으며, 이는 녹지로 투과되는 일사의 양이 높아져 나타난 결과로 사료되었다. 열적 쾌적성 특성 중 UTCI의 경우 Type 1($33.95^{\circ}C$) > Type 1($33.68^{\circ}C$) > Type 3($32.73^{\circ}C$) 순이었으며, 녹지용적계수가 다른 유형에 비해 높은 Type 3에서는 일반적인 열스트레스 범위에 속하였으며, 다른 유형은 강한 열스트레스를 받는 범위에 속하였다. PMV는 Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3 의 순으로 나타났으며, 모든 유형에서 -3 < PMV < 3 의 범위에 속해 예상불만족율 100%로 나타났으며, 녹지용적계수에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 학교 내 녹지공간이어도 최고기온시에는 불쾌적하므로 학생들의 여름철 폭염에 대한 대책이 필요할 것이다. WBGT는 Type 1 > Type 2 > Type 3 순이었으며, Type 1에서 옥외활동이 제한되는 수치가 나타났으며 다른 유형에서는 옥외활동이 제한되는 수준 이하였다. 녹지특성에 따른 열쾌적지표간의 상관분석 결과, UTCI는 WBGT, 녹피율, 녹지용적계수와 부의 상관관계를 보여 녹피율과 녹지용적계수가 높을수록 UTCI는 낮아져 쾌적성이 높아질 것으로 판단된다. PMV와 WBGT는 녹지용적계수와 상관성이 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 녹지특성과 기상요소간의 상관분석결과, 녹지용적계수와 일사, 기온이 부의 상관관계로 분석되어 녹지용적계수가 높아짐에 따라 일사와 기온이 저감되는 것으로 사료되었다. 또한 현재 국내에서 사용되고 있는 열쾌적지표 중 WBGT는 불쾌적의 기준이 모호하고 착의량과 대사량이 고려되지 않고 있으며, 또한 PMV는 실내 환경을 기준으로 작성된 온열쾌적감지표로 옥외공간의 평가에 적용할 경우 열적인 불쾌적감에 대해 과대평가가 발생하므로, 외부공간의 열쾌적 평가 항목으로는 한계점으로 판단되었다. 따라서 옥외공간에서의 온열쾌적성에 대한 적절한 평가지표의 개발이 요구되며, 온도의 범위가 넓고 열적으로 낮은 열을 가지는 녹지공간 뿐만 아니라 외부공간에 적용가능한 UTCI의 외부 환경의 실증적인 연구가 다수 진행되어야 할 것이다. 향후 학교의 공간구조간의 열쾌적지표에 대한 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이며, 기존 지표가 외부공간에 대한 열쾌적성을 반영할 수 있도록 고려하여야 한다. 또한 외부열쾌적지표에 대한 추가적인 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국연구재단

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