The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy

The Korean Society of Physical Therapy (대한물리치료학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Virtual Reality Exercise Program on Balance in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

  • Lee, Geun-Ho (Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Dankook University)
  • Received : 2015.01.15
  • Accepted : 2015.02.09
  • Published : 2015.02.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of an 8-week virtual reality exercise program designed around the Nintendo Wii (Wii), in improving balance among patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods: The study included 16 patients with MS (10 female, 6 male) who were assigned randomly to experimental (n=8) or control group (n=8). Experimental group performed three 40-minute Wii balance-training sessions per week, for 8 weeks. The control group did not perform any of the training programs. A computerized dynamic posturography (Sensory Organizing Test, SOT) was used to evaluate all patients at baseline and at the end of the treatment protocol. Statistical significance was tested in between the patients before and after treatment by t-test. Results: After 24 training sessions, SOT showed significant difference on condition 5, 6, and vestibular ratios within the experimental group from baseline to post-intervention. By contrast, no significant difference was observed within the control groups. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the virtual reality training program could improve the outcomes in terms of balance in the MS population. Long term follow ups and the development of more efficient virtual reality training programs are needed.

Keywords

References

  1. O' Sullivan SB. Multiple Sclerosis. In: O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, eds. Physical Rehabilitation: Assessment and Treatment. Philadelphia, Pa, FA Davis, 2001:715-46.
  2. Weinshenker BG. Natural history of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1994;36(suppl):S6-S11. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410360704
  3. Cheong HK, Lee KH, Kim BJ, et al. Nationwide survey of multiple sclerosis in Korea. The Report of National Institute of Health. 2006;43:320-21.
  4. Cattaneo D, Jonsdottir J. Sensory impairments in quiet standing in subjects with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2009;15:59-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458508096874
  5. Finlayson ML, Peterson EW, Cho CC. Risk factors for falling among people aged 45 to 90 years with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87:1274-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.06.002
  6. Matsuda PN, Shumway-Cook A, Bamer AM, et al. Falls in multiple sclerosis. PM&R. 2011;3:624-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.04.015
  7. DeBolt LS, McCubbin JA. The effects of home-based resistance exercise on balance, power, and mobility in adults with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:290-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2003.06.003
  8. Todd J. Physiotherapy and multiple sclerosis. In: Capildeo R, Maxwell A, eds. Progress in Multiple Sclerosis. Hong Kong, Macmillan Press, 1983: 31-44.
  9. Sveistrup H. Motor rehabilitation using virtual reality. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2004;1(1):10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-1-10
  10. Steuer J. Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. J Commun. 1992;42(4):73-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x
  11. Rizzo AA, Buckwalter JG. Virtual reality and cognitive assessment and rehabilitation: The state of the art. Stud Health Technol Inform. 1997;44: 123-45.
  12. Weiss PL, Rand D, Katz N, et al. Video capture virtual reality as a flexible and effective rehabilitation tool. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2004;1(1):12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-1-12
  13. Rizzo AA, Buckwalter JG, Bowerly T, et al. The virtual classroom: A virtual reality environment for the assessment and rehabilitation of attention deficits. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2000;3:483-99. https://doi.org/10.1089/10949310050078940
  14. Stevenson IH, Fernandes HL, Vilares I, et al. Bayesian integration and non-linear feedback control in a full-body motor task. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009;5:e1000629. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000629
  15. Clark RA, Bryant AL, Pua Y, et al. Validity and reliability of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board for assessment of standing balance. Gait Posture. 2010;31:307-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.11.012
  16. Maclean N, Pound P, Wolfe C, et al. Qualitative analysis of stroke patients' motivation for rehabilitation. BMJ. 2000;28:1051-4.
  17. Kim JH, Kim CS. Effects of virtual reality program on standing balance in chronic stroke patients. J Kor Phys Ther. 2005;17(3):351-67.
  18. Chung JH. The Effect of training using virtual reality system on sitting balance and activities of daily living for the patient with spinal cord injury. J Kor Phys Ther. 2009;21(2):31-8.
  19. Lee DK, Kim EK, Kim YN, et al. Effects of virtual reality training program on balance and lower muscular strength of Parkinson's disease patients. J Kor Phys Ther. 2013; 25(2):96-102.
  20. Lee JH, Park SU, Kang JI, et al. Effects of virtual reality exercise program on muscle activity and balance abilities in elderly women. J Kor Phys Ther. 2011;23(4):37-44. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.23.37
  21. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurological impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology. 1983;33:1444-52. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444
  22. Nashner LM. Computerized dynamic posturography. In: Goebel JA, eds. Practical management of the dizzy patient. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001;143-70.
  23. Buccino G, Gatti R, Giusti MC, et al. Action observation treatment improves autonomy in daily activities in Parkinson's disease patients: Results from a pilot study. Mov Disord. 2011;26(10):1963-4. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23745
  24. Ioffe ME, Chernikova LA, Ustinova KI. Role of cerebellum in learning postural tasks. Cerebellum. 2007;6:24-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/14734220601132135
  25. Hertz NB. The wii and Occupational therapy. Occup Ther Pract. 2009; 14(7):19-25.
  26. Hertz NB, Mehta SH, Sethi KD, et al. Nintendo Wii rehabilitation ("Wiihab") provides benefits in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013;19:1039-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.07.014
  27. Kim JJ, Gu S, Lee JJ, et al. The effects of virtual reality-based continuous slow exercise on factors for falls in the elderly. J Kor Phys Ther. 2012; 24(2):90-7.