Journal of the Geological Society of Korea (지질학회지)

The Geological Society of Korea (대한지질학회)
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Three-dimensional geologic modeling of the Pohang Basin in Korea for geologic storage of carbon dioxide

이산화탄소 지중 저장을 위한 한국 포항분지의 삼차원 지질 모델링

  • Park, Jai-Yong (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Jun-Mo (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yoon, Seok-Hoon (Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University)
  • 박재용 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부) ;
  • 김준모 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부) ;
  • 윤석훈 (제주대학교 지구해양과학과)
  • Received : 2015.03.09
  • Accepted : 2015.06.11
  • Published : 2015.06.30
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Abstract

A series of three-dimensional geologic modeling is performed using a three-dimensional geologic model to characterize quantitatively and visualize realistically geologic structures and formations in the Pohang Basin, which is considered as a prospective coastal sedimentary basin for geologic storage of carbon dioxide, distributed in Pohang-Si and Yeongil Bay, Korea. First, three-dimensional structural modeling is performed using the digital elevation model (DEM) with the surface geologic map and offshore geologic cross-sections, the virtual boreholes with the geologic structure informations, and the discrete smooth interpolation (DSI) method to predict distributions of faults. Second, three-dimensional stratigraphic modeling is performed using the digital elevation model with the surface geologic map and offshore geologic cross-sections, the virtual boreholes with the geologic formation informations, and the discrete smooth interpolation method to predict distributions of geologic formation boundaries. Third, three-dimensional grid modeling is performed based on the faults of the three-dimensional structural model and the geologic formation boundaries of the three-dimensional stratigraphic model to dicretize spaces between the faults and geologic formation boundaries into hexahedral grids. Fourth, three-dimensional geologic formation modeling is performed polymerizing the three-dimensional structural model, stratigraphic model, and grid model to visualize distributions of geologic formations. Finally, selection of reservoir and cap rocks, evaluation of storage capacities of reservoir rocks, and suggestion of injection locations for geologic storage of carbon dioxide in the Pohang Basin are performed using the results of the series of three-dimensional geologic modeling. As a result, the Fluvial Conglomerate and Sandstone (FCSS) and Shallow Marine Sandstone (SMSS) are selected as reservoir rocks, and the Interlayered Sandstone and Mudstone (ISMS) and Marine Mudstone (MRMS) are selected as cap rocks. The theoretical storage capacity of the whole reservoir rocks (Fluvial Conglomerate and Sandstone, Shallow Marine Sandstone) is evaluated as 8,913.65 Mton, and their effective storage capacity is evaluated as 222.84 Mton. In addition, two different injection locations, where the depth and thickness of the reservoir rocks are favorable for geologic storage of carbon dioxide, are suggested. The three-dimensional geologic modeling technologies and results presented in this study can be very usefully utilized in quantitative characterization and realistic visualization of geologic structures and formations in prospective sedimentary basins for geologic storage of carbon dioxide, and thus hereafter can provide practical guidelines for site selection, behavior prediction, performance evaluation, injection operation design, and leakage risk analysis at the stages of demonstration and commercialization projects of geologic storage of carbon dioxide.

이산화탄소 지중 저장을 위한 유망 연안 퇴적분지로 고려되고 있는 한국 포항시와 영일만 일대에 분포하는 포항분지 내 지질 구조 및 지층을 정량적으로 특성화하고 사실적으로 가시화하기 위하여 삼차원 지질 모델링 기술을 이용한 일련의 삼차원 지질 모델링을 수행하였다. 첫 번째로 지표 지질도와 해저 지질 단면도가 반영된 수치 표고 모델(DEM) 및 지질 구조 정보를 포함한 가상 시추공을 사용하여 단층 분포를 예측하는 삼차원 구조 모델링을 불연속 평활 보간법(DSI)을 이용하여 수행하였다. 두 번째로 지표 지질도와 해저 지질 단면도가 반영된 수치 표고 모델 및 지층 정보를 포함한 가상 시추공을 사용하여 지층 경계면 분포를 예측하는 삼차원 층서 모델링을 불연속 평활 보간법을 이용하여 수행하였다. 세 번째로 삼차원 구조 모델의 단층 및 삼차원 층서 모델의 지층 경계면에 기초하여 단층 및 지층 경계면 사이의 공간을 육면체 격자로 이산화하는 삼차원 격자 모델링을 수행하였다. 네 번째로 삼차원 구조 모델, 층서 모델 및 격자 모델을 중합하여 지층 분포를 가시화하는 삼차원 지층 모델링을 수행하였다. 마지막으로 이러한 일련의 삼차원 지질 모델링 결과를 사용하여 포항분지 내 이산화탄소 지중 저장을 위한 저장암과 덮개암 선정, 저장암의 저장 용량 평가 및 주입 위치 제안을 수행하였다. 그 결과 저장암으로는 하성 역암 및 사암층(FCSS)과 천해성 사암층(SMSS)이 선정되었으며, 덮개암으로는 사암 및 이암 교호층(ISMS)과 해성 이암층(MRMS)이 선정되었다. 그리고 이러한 저장암 전체(하성 역암 및 사암층, 천해성 사암층)의 이론 저장 용량은 8,913.65 Mton으로, 유효 저장 용량은 222.84 Mton으로 평가되었다. 또한 저장암의 심도와 두께가 이산화탄소 지중 저장에 유리한 두 군데의 주입 위치가 제안되었다. 이와 같이 본 연구를 통해서 제시된 삼차원 지질 모델링 기술과 결과들은 이산화탄소 지중 저장을 위한 유망 퇴적분지 내 지질 구조 및 지층을 정량적으로 특성화하고 사실적으로 가시화하는 데에 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있으며, 따라서 향후 이산화탄소 지중 저장 실증 및 상용화 사업 단계에서 부지 선정, 거동 예측, 성능 평가, 주입 운영 설계 및 누출 위험 분석에 실용적인 지침을 제공할 수 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국에너지기술평가원, 한국연구재단

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