Journal of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회)
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Postpartum Reproductive Tract Recovery and Prevalence of Health Problems in Dairy Cows

젖소의 분만 후 생식기의 회복 및 질병 발생 조사

  • Jeong, Jae-Kwan (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Choi, In-Soo (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kang, Hyun-Gu (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Jung, Young-Hun (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Hur, Tai-Young (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Ill-Hwa (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
  • Accepted : 2015.04.06
  • Published : 2015.04.30
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Abstract

This study estimated the degree of uterine inflammation and resumption of ovarian cyclicity in postpartum dairy cows. In addition, the prevalence of health problems during calving and the postpartum period was investigated. A total of 224 Holstein dairy cows from four dairy farms in Chungcheong Province were used for the study. Uterine discharge was scored on a 0 to 5 rank scale (metricheck score) using a metricheck instrument from 1 to 8 weeks postpartum and uterine cytology (neutrophil level) was examined at 4, 6 and 8 weeks postpartum to evaluate uterine inflammation. Resumption of ovarian cyclicity was evaluated based on progesterone analysis (${\geq}1ng/mL$) at 4, 6 and 8 weeks postpartum. Postpartum disorders were diagnosed by veterinarians in the research team. The metricheck score decreased linearly (p < 0.0001) from weeks 1 ($3.4{\pm}0.1$) to 4 ($2.0{\pm}0.1$) postpartum, and then remained at that level through week 8 postpartum ($1.6{\pm}0.1$, p > 0.05). The neutrophil levels determined by uterine cytology assays also decreased (p < 0.0001) from week 4 ($22.3{\pm}1.8%$) to 6 ($12.1{\pm}1.4%$) postpartum, and then remained at that level through week 8 postpartum ($9.2{\pm}1.4%$, p > 0.05). The proportion of cows exhibiting the ovarian cyclicity increased linearly (p < 0.0001) from weeks 2 (12.1%) to 8 (74.3%) postpartum. The prevalence of dystocia and retained placenta were 20.5% and 30.4%, respectively. The prevalence of ketosis, milk fever, abomasal displacement, septicemic metritis, endometritis, subclinical endometritis, pyometra, and ovarian cysts were 18.8%, 3.6%, 4.0%, 36.2%, 29.5%, 17.0%, 4.5%, and 14.7%, respectively. The prevalence of digestive problems and mastitis were 5.4% and 9.6%, respectively. The prevalence of culling and death were 4.0% and 3.6%, respectively. The prevalence of dystocia, retained placenta, septicemic metritis, endometritis, ovarian cysts, digestive problems, mastitis, and culling differed among farms (p < 0.05 to 0.01). In conclusion, proper examinations for uterine inflammation and ovarian cyclicity during 4 to 8 weeks postpartum are useful clinical tools to maintain herd reproductive health. Dystocia, retained placenta, septicemic metritis, and endometritis were predominant disorders in dairy cows of the survey area.

본 연구는 젖소에서 산후 자궁염증 및 난소주기 회복 정도를 평가하였으며, 또한 분만 사고 및 산후 기간 질병 발생에 대한 조사를 위하여 실시하였다. 충청 지역 4개 젖소 목장의 사육 젖소 224두를 이용하였다. 자궁의 염증상태를 평가하기 위하여, 분만 후 8주까지 매주 메트리체크 기구를 이용하여 자궁분비물 중 농의 비율에 따른 성상을 점수화(메트리체크 점수; 0-5점) 하였으며, 분만 후 4, 6, 8주에는 백혈구 비율 산정을 위한 자궁세포 검사를 실시 하였다. 분만 후 난소주기 재개 여부 확인을 위하여 4, 6, 8주에 프로게스테론 농도(${\geq}1ng/mL$)를 분석하였다. 분만 후 메트리체크 점수는 1주($3.4{\pm}0.1$)부터 4주($2.0{\pm}0.1$)까지 연속적으로 감소하였으며(p < 0.0001), 이 후 8주까지 비슷한 점수를 유지하였다(p > 0.05). 자궁세포 검사를 이용한 호중구 비율은 분만 후 4주($22.3{\pm}1.8%$)에서 6주($12.1{\pm}1.4%$)까지 감소하였으며(p < 0.0001), 이 후 8주($9.2{\pm}1.4%$)까지 비슷한 비율을 유지하였다(p > 0.05). 난소주기 재개는 분만 후 2주(12.1%)에서 8주(74.3%)까지 연속적으로 증가하였다(p < 0.0001). 난산과 후산정체 발생 비율은 각각 20.5%, 30.4%였다. 분만 후 케토시스, 유열, 4위전위증, 패혈성 자궁염, 자궁내막염, 준임상형 자궁내막염, 자궁축농증 및 난소낭종 발생율은 각각 18.8%, 3.6%, 4.0%, 36.2%, 29.5%, 17.0%, 4.5%, 14.7%였다. 소화기 질병 및 유방염 발생율은 각각 5.4%, 9.6%였다. 도태 및 폐사율은 각각 4.0%, 3.6%였다. 난산, 후산정체, 패혈성 자궁염, 자궁내막염, 난소낭종, 소화기 질병, 유방염 및 도태율은 목장간 차이가 있었다(p < 0.05, p < 0.01). 결론적으로, 분만 후 4주에서 8주까지 자궁염증 상태 및 난소주기 재개 확인은 축군의 번식위생 유지에 도움을 줄 수 있는 임상적인 수단으로 사용될 수 있으며, 조사 지역에서의 젖소에서 난산, 후산정체, 패혈성 자궁염 및 자궁내막염의 발생율이 높았음을 보여 주었다.

Keywords

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