Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The association of snack consumption, lifestyle factors, and pediatric obesity with dietary behavior patterns in male adolescents

남자 청소년의 식행동 패턴에 따른 간식 섭취, 생활 습관 요인 및 비만과의 연관성 연구

  • Kim, Min-Ji (Major of Food and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Song, SuJin (Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University) ;
  • Park, So Hyun (Health Center, Osan High School) ;
  • Song, YoonJu (Major of Food and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 김민지 (가톨릭대학교 생활과학부 식품영양학 전공) ;
  • 송수진 (미시간주립대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박소현 (오산고등학교 보건실) ;
  • 송윤주 (가톨릭대학교 생활과학부 식품영양학 전공)
  • Received : 2015.04.23
  • Accepted : 2015.05.18
  • Published : 2015.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: Along with the adaptation of a Western dietary pattern and low physical activity, pediatric obesity is increasing in Korea, especially for boys. The aim of this study was to identify dietary behavior patterns and examine the snack consumption, dietary habit, and pediatric obesity by pattern groups. Methods: Boys aged 15~19 years were recruited from one high school in Seoul. A questionnaire including dietary behaviors and lifestyle factors was administered and height and weight were measured. A total of 932 boys participated except boys who had missing or incomplete response (n = 30). Three dietary behavior patterns were identified by cluster analysis; 'Healthy pattern', 'Mixed pattern' and 'Unhealthy pattern'. Results: Snack consumption differed according to dietary behavior patterns group. The healthy and mixed patterns showed higher frequencies of white milk and fruit consumption while the unhealthy pattern as well as the mixed patterns showed higher frequencies of sweetened snack and ice cream consumption. Food availability at home of each food differed according to pattern groups but showed a similar trend with food consumption. Regarding dietary habits, the mixed pattern showed higher proportion of taking dietary supplement and eating dessert while the unhealthy pattern showed lower proportion of eating regular meals and appropriate amount of meals. When the healthy pattern was set as a reference group, the odds ratio of pediatric obesity was 1.11 (CI 0.65-1.87) in the mixed pattern group and 1.88 (CI 1.14-3.10) in the unhealthy pattern group. Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary behaviors including snack consumption and lifestyle factors were connected. Unbalanced diet and undesirable dietary practice are important determinants in pediatric obesity.

본 연구는 만 15~19세 남자 고등학생 902명을 대상으로 식행동, 간식 섭취, 식환경, 생활 습관에 대해 설문 조사를 실시하였고, 비만 판정을 위해 신장과 체중을 측정하여 식행동 패턴에 따른 간식 섭취 및 기타 요인과 비만과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 1) 청소년 식생활 지침의 항목을 이용하여 식행동을 평가한 결과 대상자들은 3가지 패턴으로 분류되었다. 식생활과 생활 습관 모두 건강한 패턴과 식생활과 생활 습관 면에서 건강한 요소와 비건강한 요소가 혼재되어있는 혼합 패턴, 그리고 마지막으로 식생활과 생활 습관이 전반적으로 바람직하지 않은 비건강 패턴이었다. 2) 각 패턴 별로 간식 섭취가 차이를 보였는데, 건강한 패턴은 과일, 우유, 호상요구르트의 섭취 빈도가 높았고, 혼합 패턴은 과일이나 호상요구르트 섭취 빈도가 높은 반면 라면, 아이스크림, 탄산음료, 사탕 섭취 빈도도 같이 높았으며, 비건강 패턴은 과일, 우유, 호상요구르트의 섭취 빈도가 다른 두 패턴에 비해 가장 낮은 반면 라면, 단 간식, 탄산음료 등의 간식 섭취 빈도는 가장 높았다. 3) 식환경을 포함한 생활 습관 요인도 패턴마다 상이했는데, 가정 내 식품 비치율은 각 식품 섭취 빈도와 유사하게 건강한 패턴과 혼합 패턴의 가정 내 과일 비치율이 비건강 패턴에 비해 높았다. 또한 혼합 패턴이 건강기능성 식품이나 식이 보충제 복용 비율이 가장 높았고, 비건강 패턴은 식사 속도, 수면 시간은 짧고 스크린 시간이 하루 2시간 이상인 비율이 가장 높았다. 4) 패턴 별 비만과의 연관성은 건강한 패턴을 기준으로 하였을 때, 혼합 패턴의 교차비는 1.11이었으나 유의하지 않았고, 비건강 패턴의 교차비는 1.88로 유의적이었다. 이상의 결과로부터 청소년의 식행동 패턴에 따라 간식 섭취 뿐 아니라 식습관, 생활 습관 요인이 차이를 보였으며 이러한 요인들이 비만과의 연관성에도 영향을 주었다. 식행동은 식품 섭취나 생활 습관 요인들과 서로 상호작용을 하므로 앞으로 청소년 비만 예방 및 관리를 위한 전략으로 적절한 영양 교육과 함께 식행동과 생활 습관을 함께 개선해 나갈 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 것이 필요하다.

Keywords

References

  1. Noh E, Eun S, Joo Y. The policy support plans of obesity prevention and management for childhood and adolescent. Seoul: The Seoul Institute; 2012.
  2. Oh K, Jang MJ, Lee NY, Moon JS, Lee CG, Yoo MH, Kim YT. Prevalence and trends in obesity among Korean children and adolescents in 1997 and 2005. Korean J Pediatr 2008; 51(9): 950-955. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.9.950
  3. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2009-2010. NCHS Data Brief 2012; (82): 1-8.
  4. Matsushita Y, Yoshiike N, Kaneda F, Yoshita K, Takimoto H. Trends in childhood obesity in Japan over the last 25 years from the national nutrition survey. Obes Res 2004; 12(2): 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.27
  5. Bjorge T, Engeland A, Tverdal A, Smith GD. Body mass index in adolescence in relation to cause-specific mortality: a follow-up of 230,000 Norwegian adolescents. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168(1): 30-37. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwn096
  6. Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague B, Tamborlane WV, Banyas B, Allen K, Savoye M, Rieger V, Taksali S, Barbetta G, Sherwin RS, Caprio S. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med 2002; 346(11): 802-810. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012578
  7. Krebs NF, Jacobson MS; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity. Pediatrics 2003; 112(2): 424-430. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.2.424
  8. Nielsen SJ, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. Trends in food locations and sources among adolescents and young adults. Prev Med 2002; 35(2): 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2002.1037
  9. Paeratakul S, Ferdinand DP, Champagne CM, Ryan DH, Bray GA. Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: dietary and nutrient intake profile. J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 103(10): 1332-1338. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(03)01086-1
  10. St-Onge MP, Keller KL, Heymsfield SB. Changes in childhood food consumption patterns: a cause for concern in light of increasing body weights. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78(6): 1068-1073. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.6.1068
  11. Rampersaud GC, Pereira MA, Girard BL, Adams J, Metzl JD. Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105(5): 743-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.02.007
  12. Niemeier HM, Raynor HA, Lloyd-Richardson EE, Rogers ML, Wing RR. Fast food consumption and breakfast skipping: predictors of weight gain from adolescence to adulthood in a nationally representative sample. J Adolesc Health 2006; 39(6): 842-849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.07.001
  13. Ministry of Education; Ministry of Health and Welfare; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey from 2014 [Internet]. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014 Dec 5 [cited 2014 Dec 12]. Available from: http://www.yhs.cdc.go.kr/.
  14. Nemet D, Barkan S, Epstein Y, Friedland O, Kowen G, Eliakim A. Short- and long-term beneficial effects of a combined dietarybehavioral- physical activity intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity. Pediatrics 2005; 115(4): e443-e449. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-2172
  15. Neumark-Sztainer D, Rock CL, Thornquist MD, Cheskin LJ, Neuhouser ML, Barnett MJ. Weight-control behaviors among adults and adolescents: associations with dietary intake. Prev Med 2000; 30(5): 381-391. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0653
  16. Leech RM, McNaughton SA, Timperio A. The clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents: a review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11: 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-11-4
  17. Sanchez A, Norman GJ, Sallis JF, Calfas KJ, Cella J, Patrick K. Patterns and correlates of physical activity and nutrition behaviors in adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2007; 32(2): 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.10.012
  18. Hardy LL, Grunseit A, Khambalia A, Bell C, Wolfenden L, Milat AJ. Co-occurrence of obesogenic risk factors among adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51(3): 265-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.017
  19. Jee YJ, Kim YH. Factors influencing obesity among adolescent: analysis of 2011 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Korean J Obes 2013; 22(1): 39-49. https://doi.org/10.7570/kjo.2013.22.1.39
  20. Ministry of Health and Welfare (KR). The 2003 dietary guidelines for Koreans. Dietary action guides for adolescents. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2003.
  21. Moon JS, Lee SY, Nam CM, Choi JM, Choe BK, Seo JW, Oh K, Jang MJ, Hwang SS, Yoo MH, Kim YT, Lee CG. 2007 Korean National Growth Charts: review of developmental process and an outlook. Korean J Pediatr 2008; 51(1): 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.1.1
  22. Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D, French S. Individual and environmental influences on adolescent eating behaviors. J Am Diet Assoc 2002; 102(3 Suppl): S40-S51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90421-9
  23. Steinmetz KA, Potter JD. Vegetables, fruit, and cancer prevention: a review. J Am Diet Assoc 1996; 96(10): 1027-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(96)00273-8
  24. Ding D, Sallis JF, Norman GJ, Saelens BE, Harris SK, Kerr J, Rosenberg D, Durant N, Glanz K. Community food environment, home food environment, and fruit and vegetable intake of children and adolescents. J Nutr Educ Behav 2012; 44(6): 634-638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2010.07.003
  25. Pearson N, Ball K, Crawford D. Predictors of changes in adolescents' consumption of fruits, vegetables and energy-dense snacks. Br J Nutr 2011; 105(5): 795-803. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510004290

Cited by

  1. The Influence of Self-resilience on Dietary Management in Middle School Students vol.20, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.399
  2. Dietary sugar intake and dietary behaviors in Korea: a pooled study of 2,599 children and adolescents aged 9-14 years vol.10, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2016.10.5.537
  3. Eating patterns of children's favorite foods and its related factors among elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea vol.11, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2017.11.6.517
  4. Development of NQ-A, Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents, to assess dietary quality and food behavior vol.50, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2017.50.2.142
  5. Night Eating Habits of High School Students by Sex in Gyeonggi Region vol.29, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2019.2.29.1.56
  6. Comparison of the factors related to the sugary drinks consumption in obesity and non-obesity group of Korea adolescents vol.36, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.14367/kjhep.2019.36.1.15
  7. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency in Korean adolescents: based on the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey vol.69, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12485
  8. Cross-sectional Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Obesity among Students in a University at Gyeonggi Province vol.46, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.21032/jhis.2021.46.4.402