Advances in concrete construction

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Technical and economical feasibility of using GGBS in long-span concrete structures

  • Received : 2014.08.27
  • Accepted : 2014.11.30
  • Published : 2015.03.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

China accounts for nearly half of the global steel production. As a waste material or a by-product in the manufacture process, a large amount of blast furnace slag is generated every year. The majority of recycled blast furnace slag is used as an additive in low-grade blended cement in China (equivalent to the UK CEM II or CEM III depending on the slag content). The cost of using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in such low-grade applications may not be entirely reimbursed based on market research. This paper reports an on-going project at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) which investigates the feasibility of using GGBS in long-span concrete structures by avoiding/reducing the use of crack control reinforcement. Based on a case study investigation, with up to 50% of CEM I cement replaced with GGBS, a beneficiary effect of reduced thermal contraction is achieved in long-span concrete slabs with no significant detrimental effect on early-age strengths. It is believed that this finding may be transferable from China to other Asian countries with similar climates and economic/environmental concerns.

Keywords

References

  1. Al-Gahtani, A.S. (2010), "Effect of curing methods on the properties of plain and blended cement concretes", Constr. Build. Mater., 24 (3), 308-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.036
  2. Azenha, M., Faria, R. and Ferreira, D. (2009), "Identification of early-age concrete temperatures and strains: monitoring and numerical simulation", Cement Concrete Compos., 31 (6), 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.03.004
  3. Bamforth, P.B. (2007), CIRIA C660 Early-age Thermal Crack Control in Concrete, CIRIA, London, UK.
  4. Barnett, S.J., Soutsos, M.N., Millard, S.G. and Bungey, J.H. (2006), "Strength development of mortars containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag: Effect of curing temperature and determination of apparent activation energies", Cement Concrete Res., 36 (3), 434-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.11.002
  5. BSI (2004), BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004 Design of Concrete Structures, British Standards Institution (BSI), London, UK.
  6. BSI (2006), BS 8500-1: 2006 Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1, Method of Specifying and Guidance for the Specifier, British Standards Institution (BSI), London, UK.
  7. Da Silva, W.R.L., Milauer, V. and Temberk, P. (2013), "Upscaling semi-adiabatic measurements for simulating temperature evolution of mass concrete structures", Mater. Struct., 2013: 1-11.
  8. Dhir, R.K., Paine, K.A. and Zheng, L. (2006), Design Data for Use Where Low Heat Cements are Used DTI Research Contract No. 39/680, CC2257. Report No CTU 2704, University of Dundee, UK.
  9. Kim, G.Y., Lee, E.B., Nam, J.S. and Koo, K.M. (2011), "Analysis of hydration heat and autogenous shrinkage of high-strength mass concrete", Mag. Concrete Res., 63 (5), 377-389. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.9.00106
  10. Lawrence, A.M., Tia, M., Ferraro, C.C. and Bergin, M. (2012), "Effect of early age strength on cracking in mass concrete containing different supplementary cementitious materials: experimental and finite-element investigation", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 24 (4), 362-372. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000389
  11. Neville, A.M. (2011), Properties Concrete. England, Pearson, London, UK.
  12. Oasys (2014), Oasys GSA 8.7, Oasys Limited.
  13. PRC Ministry of Construction (2002), Code for Design of Concrete Structures, PRC Ministry of Construction, Beijing, China.
  14. PRC Ministry of Construction (2008), GB/T 18046-2008 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Used for Cement Concrete, PRC Ministry of Construction, Beijing, China.
  15. Regourd, M. (1983), "Microanalytical studies (X-Ray Photo Electron Spectrometry) of surface hydration reactions of cement compounds", Technology in the 1990s: Developments in Hydraulic Cements, Proceedings of a Royal Society Discussion Meeting, London, UK.
  16. Robins, P.J., Austin, S.A. and Issaad, A. (2006), "Suitability of GGBFS as a cement replacement for concrete in hot arid climates", Mater. Struct., 25 (10), 598-612. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472228
  17. Tang, K. (2014), "High value applications of GGBS in China", The 2014 World Congress on Advances in Civil, Environmental & Maeterials Research (ACEM14), Busan, Korea.
  18. Tang, K., Millard, S.G. and Beattie, G. (2013), "Technical and economic aspects of using GGBFS for crack control mitigation in long span reinforced concrete structures", Constr. Build. Mater., 39 (1), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.05.012
  19. The Concrete Society (2008), Technical Report No. 67 Movement, restraint and cracking in concrete structures, The Concrete Society.
  20. Wang, W. (2014), "Why build green?", NetEase, Beijing, China. See http://discover.news.163.com/special/whybuildgreen/ (accessed 11/12/2014).

Cited by

  1. Effect of partial replacement of cement with slag on the early-age strength of concrete vol.170, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.16.00038
  2. Performance of bricks and brick masonry prism made using coal fly ash and coal bottom ash vol.4, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2016.4.4.231
  3. The effect of attack of chloride and sulphate on ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete vol.4, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2016.4.2.107
  4. Properties of concrete incorporating sand and cement with waste marble powder vol.4, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2016.4.2.145
  5. Experimental and numerical investigation on bearing mechanism and capacity of new concrete plug structures vol.24, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2019.24.5.459
  6. Parametric Studies Into Creep and Shrinkage Characteristics in Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers vol.6, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2020.00130
  7. 41 Year Long-Term Durability of High Volume Blast-Furnace Slag Cement Concrete vol.19, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.19.248