Membrane Journal (멤브레인)

The Membrane Society of Korea (한국막학회)
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Conditions for Ideal Draw Solutes and Current Research Trends in the Draw Solutes for Forward Osmosis Process

정삼투 공정 적용에 적합한 유도 용질의 조건과 최근 동향

  • Jun, Byung-Moon (School of Urban & Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Han, Sang-Woo (School of Urban & Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Kim, Yu-Kyung (School of Urban & Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Nguyen, Thi Phuong Nga (School of Urban & Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Park, Hyung-Gyu (School of Urban & Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)) ;
  • Kwon, Young-Nam (School of Urban & Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))
  • 전병문 (울산과학기술대학교 도시환경공학부) ;
  • 한상우 (울산과학기술대학교 도시환경공학부) ;
  • 김유경 (울산과학기술대학교 도시환경공학부) ;
  • 누엔티팡냐 (울산과학기술대학교 도시환경공학부) ;
  • 박형규 (울산과학기술대학교 도시환경공학부) ;
  • 권영남 (울산과학기술대학교 도시환경공학부)
  • Received : 2015.03.17
  • Accepted : 2015.04.12
  • Published : 2015.04.30
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Abstract

Water is an essential resource for humans, but fresh water becomes scarce due to population growth and contamination of limited resources. Membrane technology has been widely used for water treatment, and forward osmosis is a process which does not need high hydraulic pressure for the operation. However, there are needs for (1) development of novel draw solutes causing low internal concentration polarization and reverse salt flux for high water flux, and (2) development of economic recovery method of the draw solutes in the diluted draw solution. Previous researches on the draw solute include $NaHCO_3$ which can be regenerated by about $60^{\circ}C$ heating, sucrose which can make potable water without additional process, and magnetic nanoparticles which can be regenerated by external magnetic field. Using the principles of forward osmosis process, sea water desalination, wastewater treatment, refinement of proteins, energy generation using pressure retarded osmosis process, preparation of diluted fertilizer, and growing algae for biofuel can be conducted. This paper summarizes characteristics of ideal draw solutes, recovery method of the draw solutes, and various application examples.

인구의 급속한 증가, 한정된 식수 자원의 오염 등으로 인하여 인류에게 필수적인 물이 점점 부족해지고 있다. 깨끗한 물을 얻기 위해 분리막 공정을 이용한 수처리 방식이 널리 사용되고 있으며, 분리막 공정 중 하나인 정삼투 공정은 고압펌프 없이 구동이 가능하다. 정삼투 공정이 높은 수투과도를 가지기 위해서는 내부 농도 분극 현상 및 Reverse salt flux를 적게 일으키는 유도 용질 개발이 필요하며, 희석된 유도 용액에 포함된 유도 용질의 경제적인 회수 방법 개발 또한 필요하다. 현재까지는 $60^{\circ}C$ 가량에서 회수가 가능한 $NaHCO_3$와 같은 무기 유도 용질, 음료수 생산이 가능한 sucrose와 같은 유기 유도 용질, 자기장을 이용해 회수가 가능한 magnetic nanoparticle과 같은 유도 용질들이 개발되어 보고되었다. 또한, 이러한 정삼투 원리를 이용하여 해수 담수, 폐수처리, 단백질 정제, 압력 지연 삼투 이용한 에너지 생산, 관개를 위한 농축된 비료 희석, 바이오 연료를 위해 폐수로부터 조류를 키우는 공정과 같은 분야에 적용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 정삼투 공정에 영향을 주는 유도용액의 특성과 이상적인 조건, 여러 가지 유도 용질 및 유도용질의 회수 방법, 정삼투 공정의 적용 분야를 여러 논문 내용들을 바탕으로 정리하였다.

Keywords

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