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Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Makgeolli and Their Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid

막걸리에서 분리한 Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)의 다양성 분석과 γ-aminobutyric acid 생산능 연구

  • Lee, Hye-Lim (Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kang, Ki-Won (Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Seo, Dong-Ho (Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Jung, Jong-Hyun (Korea Food Research Institute) ;
  • Jung, Dong-Hyun (Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Gye-Won (Brewing Research Center, Hankyong National University) ;
  • Park, Sun-Young (Kooksoondang Brewery Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Shin, Woo-Chang (Kooksoondang Brewery Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Shim, Hyoung-Seok (Baehaejungdoga Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Park, Cheon-Seok (Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University)
  • 이혜림 (경희대학교 식품생명공학과 및 생명자원과학연구원) ;
  • 강기원 (경희대학교 식품생명공학과 및 생명자원과학연구원) ;
  • 서동호 (한국식품연구원) ;
  • 정종현 (한국식품연구원) ;
  • 정동현 (경희대학교 식품생명공학과 및 생명자원과학연구원) ;
  • 김계원 (한경대 양조연구센터) ;
  • 박선영 (국순당 연구소) ;
  • 신우창 (국순당 연구소) ;
  • 심형석 (배혜정 누룩도가) ;
  • 박천석 (경희대학교 식품생명공학과 및 생명자원과학연구원)
  • Received : 2014.12.02
  • Accepted : 2015.02.04
  • Published : 2015.04.30

Abstract

Makgeolli is made from rice or flour, yeast, and nuruk, a fermentation starter. The flavor of makgeolli is affected by sugars, amino acids, organic acids and volatile flavor compounds produced by various microorganisms. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from unsterilized makgeolli samples collected from several provinces in Korea, and then later identified. Under anaerobic conditions, LAB density ranged from $5.0{\times}10^6$ to $1.5{\times}10^8CFU/mL$; yeast density ranged from $2.5{\times}10^7$ to $1.5{\times}10^8CFU/mL$. Of the LAB isolated from makgeolli, 1,126 were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA, which allowed for classification into five groups. Of the 1,126 LABs tested, 130 produced ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

본 연구에서는 시중에 유통 중인 한국전통 발효주인 막걸리로부터 유산균을 분리하였다. 분리된 유산균을 동정하기 위해 16S rRNA 부분을 PCR하여 RFLP법으로 패턴을 분류하여 그룹을 나누었다. 유산균 총 수를 확인한 결과 F를 제외한 모든 샘플에서 $10^6CFU/mL$ 이상으로 확인되었고, 효모균의 수는 약 $10^7-10^8CFU/mL$로 기존의 연구와 비교해 보았을 때, 대체적으로 차이가 거의 없는 것을 확인하였다. 나누어진 패턴을 토대로 염기서열 분석 결과 총 5종의 유산균을 확인 할 수 있었고, 5종의 유산균은 Lb. plantarum/pentosus, Lb. casei/paracasei/rhamnosus, Lb. crustorum, Lb. brevis, Lb. fermentum으로 확인되었다. 기존 연구에서 막걸리로부터 동정된 유산균으로는 Lb. pseudomesenteroides, Lb. paracasei, Lb. arizonensis, Lb. plantarum, Lb. harbinensis, Lb. parabuchneri, Lb. brevis, Lb. hilgardii, Lb. fermentum이 있는데, 선행 연구들과의 가장 큰 차이점으로는 Lb. crustorum이 분리되었고, 우점종으로 확인된 Lb. plantarum/pentosus와 Lb. casei/paracasei/rhamnosus와 같은 경우 다양한 subspecies가 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Lb. plantarum, Lb. brevis, Lb. paracasei 에서 GABA가 생성됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 막걸리로부터 유산균을 분리, 동정하고, 분리한 유산균의 GABA 생성능력을 규명함으로써, 차후 유산균 분리 및 다양한 기능성 물질 탐색을 할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

Keywords

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