Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Locational and Spatial Characteristics of Lotus Ponds of Fortress Wall of Seoul(漢陽都城) during the Joseon Dynasty

조선시대 한양도성 연지(蓮池)의 입지 및 공간적 특성 고찰

  • Gil, Ji-Hye (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University) ;
  • Son, Yong-Hoon (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Hwang, Kee-Won (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University)
  • 길지혜 (서울대학교 대학원 협동과정 조경학 전공) ;
  • 손용훈 (서울대학교 환경대학원 환경조경학과) ;
  • 황기원 (서울대학교 환경대학원 환경조경학과)
  • Received : 2015.10.19
  • Accepted : 2015.12.03
  • Published : 2015.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the maps of the period, there were three large ponds called Dongji(東池), Seoji(西池) and Namji(南池) in Hanyang, the capital of Joseon Dynasty. They were different than the ponds found in the palace, civic buildings, and private dwellings. Dongji, Seoji and Namji were ponds relating to Fortress wall of Seoul, and all had lotuses cultivated in them. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the locational and spatial characteristics of these ponds and to detail the construction and reconstruction process and management conditions through maps, drawings, illustrations, historical records and literary works from the urban environmental perspective. The results are as follows. First, Seoji and Namji were intended for Bibo(裨補) which redeemed the geographical weaknesses of Hanyang, securement of bright court water(明堂水), supplement for fire energy(火氣), fire preventive water and waterscape facilities, while Dongji was emphasized on protecting water mouth(水口) besides Bibo and securement of bright court water. Second, Seoji was connected to mountain streams and Dongji and Namji were to ditches. The ponds connected to ditches had been difficult to fill and maintain. Third, Seoji and Namji were in urban areas, whereas Dongji was in farmlands, and these locational differences had an influence on the use of ponds. Fourth, the shapes of ponds, in contrast to the ponds in palace and civic buildings, which were perfectly square, were either freeform or square with rounded edges. Fifth, lotus ponds could be maintained by continuous management polices, earth filling and reconstructing process were repeated during the Joseon Dynasty. The lotus ponds of Fortress Wall of Seoul which had managed over 500 years, were built in, in accordance with the tenets of Bibo pungsu geomancy; however as time passed, they were maintained not only as public open spaces, but also a cultural attraction for residents and visitors.

고지도를 보면 한양에 동지, 서지, 남지 등 큰 연못이 표기되었는데, 이는 궁궐이나 공해시설, 일반 민간 저택 내 원지들과는 달리 국가 소유의 필지였으나 공공에게 개방된 연못이었다. 동지, 서지, 남지는 한양도성과 연결된 연지로, 본 연구는 여러 지도 및 도면 자료와 회화 자료, 고문헌, 문학작품을 수집해 종합 분석하여 물리적 차원에서의 연지의 조영 경위와 이후의 운영상황, 연지의 입지 및 공간 특성을 고찰하고자 했다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 서지와 남지는 비보, 명당수 확보, 화기 진압, 방화수, 수경시설로의 목적 하에 조영되었고 동지는 비보, 명당수 확보 외에도 수구막이로서의 기능이 중시되었다. 둘째, 주변 지형과 연지의 수원을 보았을 때 서지는 계류와, 동지, 남지는 구거와 연결되어 연못의 수량 확보에 차이가 있었다. 셋째, 서지와 남지는 도시지역에, 동지는 전원지역에 위치하였는데 이 같은 입지적 특성은 연지를 이용하는 방식에 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 연지의 형태는 모서리가 둥근 방형이나 자유로운 형상으로 궁궐이나 공해시설의 원지와 구분된다. 다섯째, 연지는 지속적인 유지 관리를 통해서만 유지될 수 있었고, 조선시대 매몰과 수축의 과정이 반복되었다. 길게는 오백 년 이상 동안 유지되었던 조선시대 한양도성의 연지들은 개국 초기에는 비보풍수적 의미가 강조되면서 조성되었지만, 점차 도시에서 넓은 수공간이라는 공공 오픈스페이스로서의 가치를 인정받아 거주민과 행락객들이 애착을 갖는 문화공간으로 운영되었던 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Jeon, Y. O. and Yang, B. E.(1994). A Study on the Governmentcontrolled Locus Ponds Constructed in Han-Yang during Chosun-Dynasty. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 22(2): 53-63.
  2. Joo, N. C.(2009). Korean Gardens(한국의 정원). Korea University Press.
  3. Kim, H. W., Kim, D. G. and Kim, Y. K.(2002). A Study of Complementary Setup Fengshui based on the Historical Record of the Chosun Dynasty. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 20(3): 68-77.
  4. Kim, H. W.(2005). Hanyang's Forest Composition by the Annals of Joseon Dynasty. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 3: 75-82.
  5. Jang, D. S.(2005). A Study on BiBo Fengshui Techniques of Traditional Urban Landscape in the case of the Grove of Chosan and Pool Bank. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 3: 41-49.
  6. Lee, S. P., Gang, C. H. and Lee, J. K.(2006). A Study on Reconstructing Korean Traditional Garden Ponds : Focusing on the Garden Ponds Unearthed. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 24(3): 51-66.
  7. Hwang, K. W.(2009). The Leisure and Outdoor Recreation Culture of Korea (한국 행락문화의 변천과정). Seoul National University Press: 144-145.
  8. Kim, M. H. and Hong, H. S.(2011). Utility and Care Patterns of Lotus Shown in Classic Poetries and Proses, Painting. Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 29(4): 1-13.
  9. Yun, C. Y.(2002). A History of Tramsmission of Yonjihoe sijong-sasil( 蓮池會始終事實) and Namji kirohoe-do(南池耆老會圖) by Yi Yu-gan(李惟侃, 1550-1634). Jangseogak 8: 55-91.
  10. We, S. S.(2003). A Study on Namji kirohoe-do in Joseon Dynasty. Journal of Cultural Relics 7: 103-140.
  11. Joo, Y. J.(2003). A Study on the Urban Tissue of outside the Doneuimun focused on the Kyunggikamyoungdo in Late Choseon Dynasty. Master's Thesis of University of Seoul.
  12. Kang, S. Y.(2006). The Characteristic of Korean Architecture Drawing based on the Gyeonggigamyeongdo(京畿監營圖, View of Gyeonggi Provincial Office). Master's Thesis of Sungkyunkwan University.
  13. Jangwonseo Deungrok(掌苑署謄錄).
  14. http://www.mediagaon.or.kr
  15. Seoul Museum of History(2006). Map of Seoul(서울지도).
  16. Huk, Y. H.(1994). 600-year-old Joseon Dynasty, Map of Seoul(정도 600년 서울지도). Bumwoosa Co.
  17. Seoul Museum of History Ed.(2004). Doseong Dae-jido(도성대지도).
  18. National Museum of Korea Ed.(2013). Map and Painting of Joseon Dynasty(조선시대 지도와 회화).
  19. Jeon, B. H., Lee, G. C. and Seo, Y. H.(2012). Starting Point of Korean Modern Drawings : Modern Survey Map and Architectural Plan of 1861-1910 Possessed to Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies, Seoul National University(한국 근대 도면의 원점: 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 소장 근대 측량도와 건축도 1861-1910). Seoul National University Press.
  20. Baekseobang(柏書房) Ed.(1985). 1:10000 Joseon Topographic Map Collection Made in the Japanese Government General of Korea(조선총독부 제작 일만분일 조선지형도집성).
  21. http://db.itkc.or.kr
  22. http://www.koreanhistory.or.kr/
  23. http://sillok.history.go.kr
  24. Sinjeung Donggukyeoji-seungram 3 (C) Kim, Y. G. of ITKC(1969).
  25. Gwon, T. Y.(1974). Hangyeong-jiryak(한경지략). Tamgudang. Yu, B. Y. Hangyeong-jiryak(漢京識略).
  26. Jinnaeyukjo(陳內六助) Ed.(1982). Gyeongseong-bu Cadastral List: 1917(경성부관내지적목록: 1917년). Daerim Publishing.
  27. Jinnaeyukjo(陳內六助) Ed.(1982). Gyeongseong-bu Cadastral List: 1927(경성부관내지적목록: 1927년). Daerim Publishing.
  28. Park, S. Nuljae Sok-jip(訥齋先生續集) 2.
  29. http://tip.daum.net/question/82098767?q=
  30. Lee, S. Taekdang-jip(澤堂先生續集) 4 (C) Lee, S. H. of ITKC(1999).
  31. Huh, M. Gieon(記言) 15 (C) Kim, M. S. of ITKC(2006).
  32. Huh, M. Gieon Byeol-jip(記言別集) 15 (C) Choi, J. G. of ITKC(2008).
  33. Lee, M. S.(1992). Seopa-jip Korean Translations First Volume. Haeju Oh-ssi Chutan Gong-pa Jongjung: 584. Oh, D. I. Seopa-jip(西坡集).
  34. Kim, H. R. Ed.(2015). Writing a Diary 2(일기를 쓰다 2). Dolbegae Publishing: 176, 200, 264-265. Yu, M. J. Heumyeong(欽英).
  35. Park, H. W.(2006). Old Waterway, Old Bridge in Seoul(서울의 옛물 길 옛다리). Siwol Publishing: 225.
  36. Lee, D. M.. Cheongjanggwan-jeonseo(靑莊館全書) 20 (C) Lee, S. of ITKC(1979).
  37. Yun, G. Mumyeongja-jip Munjo(無名子集文稿) 5 (C) Kang, M. J. of ITKC(2013).
  38. King Jeongjo. Hongjae-jeonseo(弘齋全書) 2 (C) Lim, J. K. of ITKC(1998).
  39. Seo, Y. B. Jukseok Gwanyu-jip(竹石館遺集) 1 (C) Lee, S. H. of ITKC(2013).
  40. Jeong, Y. Y. Dasan Simun-jip(茶山詩文集) 13 (C) Lee, J. S. and Kim, D. R. of ITKC(1984).
  41. Kim, J. H. Wandang-jeonjip(阮堂全集) 6 (C) Shin, H. Y. of ITKC(1988).
  42. Lim, E. R. Seokcheon Si-jip(石川詩集) 4
  43. Kim, S. I. Hakbong-jip(鶴峯集) 1 (C) Chung, S. Y. of ITKC(1998).
  44. Lim, J. K.(1998). Baeksa-jip Korean Translations 1. Korean Classics Research Institute: 23. Lee, H. B. Baeksa-jip(白沙集).
  45. Song, J. G. Dongchundang-jip Sok-jip(同春堂集 續集) 10 (C) Chung, T. H. of ITKC(2007).
  46. Wi, B. R. Jonjae-jip(存齋集) 5 (C) Kim, G. W. of IKTC(2013).
  47. Kim, H. R. Ed.(2015). Writing a Diary 1(일기를 쓰다 1). Dolbegae Publishing: 280. Yu, M. J. Heumyeong(欽英).
  48. Kim, H. W.(2007). Bibo Pungsu and Forest Conservation Plan of Hanyang(한양의 비보풍수와 녹지보전정책). KSI: 34-64.
  49. Seoul Historiography Institute Ed.(2012). Gyeongseongbu-sa(京城府史) Korean Translations 1: 424 (recitation).
  50. http://gis.seoul.go.kr
  51. Andong University Museum(1997). 1892 Year of Joseon in Pictures (사진으로 보는 조선 1892년). Hayasi Takeichi(林武一)(1892). Real Landscape of Joseon(朝鮮國眞景).
  52. Lee, G. G. Oh, Juyeon Munjang Jeonsango(五洲衍文長箋散稿) (C) Lim, J. K. of ITKC(1981).
  53. Seoul Museum of History(2011). Excavation Record of Fortress Wall of Seoul I(도성발굴의 기록 I): 28-29.
  54. Yun, C. S.(1975). The Measuring Units of Scale in Korean Architecture. Journal of the Architectural Institute in Korea 19(63): 2-10.