Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Multiple Implications of the Restoration of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem and the Establishment of a Strategic Restoration Framework

갯벌복원의 함의와 복원추진체계 구축에 관한 연구

  • Nam, Jungho (Marine Policy Research Division, Korea Maritime Institute) ;
  • Son, Kyu-Hee (Marine Ecosystem Management Team, Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation) ;
  • Khim, Jong Seong (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences/Research Institute of Oceanography Seoul National University)
  • 남정호 (한국해양수산개발원 해양연구본부) ;
  • 손규희 (해양환경관리공단 해양보전본부) ;
  • 김종성 (서울대학교 자연과학대학 지구환경과학부/해양연구소)
  • Received : 2015.05.18
  • Accepted : 2015.08.17
  • Published : 2015.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Korean society has been recently promoting the restoration of coastal wetlands. These efforts might become the basis of a policy framework that compensates for the limitations of a regulation-oriented policy such as the designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The shift in government policy could contribute to strengthening the socioeconomic infrastructure of coastal development through the accumulation of ecological capital. Although our scientific efforts and social demands in regard to the ecological restoration of the coastal wetlands have increased during the past years, the bases for restoration in Korea requires that scientific, technological, financial, social and legal aspects be enhanced. The present study re-examined the concept and attitudes behind coastal wetland restoration in the light of changing circumstances in Korea. Herein, we first defined coastal wetland restoration as "An act of recovering the functions of the ecosystem of coastal wetlands to a state that resembles conditions prior to being damaged." Next, this study discussed the limitations and future directions of such restoration efforts based on the descriptive analyses of recent restoration practices from social, economic, and technological aspects. Finally, we suggest future policy directions regarding coastal wetland restoration on the basis of a PFST (Policy, Financial, Social, and Technological) analysis; 1) re-arranging legal mechanisms, 2) setting multi-dimensional restoration goals, 3) establishing a multi-discipline- and convergence based R&D system, 4) linking spatial management and local development to the restoration, 5) building restoration governance at the local level, 6) implementing an ecosystem service payment system, and 7) applying test-bed projects in accordance with proper directions.

Keywords

References

  1. 국토해양부 (2008) 갯벌복원을 위한 현황조사 및 중장기 계획연구. 한국해양수산기술진흥원, 878 p (Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs (2008) Mid and long term promotion plan for restoration of tidal flat. Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion, 878 p (in Korean))
  2. 국토해양부 (2009a) 해양생태계 보전.관리 기본계획(2009-2018). 국토해양부, 326 p (Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs (2009a) Marine ecosystem conservation and management plan (2009-2018). Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs of Republic of Korea, 326 p (in Korean))
  3. 국토해양부 (2009b) 2008 연안습지 기초조사(기본조사). 국토해양부, 383 p (Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs (2009b) 2008 National survey of coastal wetland (basic investigation). Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs of Republic of Korea, 383 p (in Korean))
  4. 국토해양부 (2010) 2009 연안습지 기초조사(기본조사). 국토해양부, 791 p (Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs (2010) 2009 National survey of coastal wetland (basic investigation). Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs of Republic of Korea, 791 p (in Korean))
  5. 국토해양부 (2011a) 제2차 연안통합관리계획(2011-2021). 국토해양부, 337 p Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs (2011a) The second integrated coastal management plan. Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs of Republic of Korea, 337 p (in Korean) (Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs (2011a) The second integrated coastal management plan. Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs of Republic of Korea, 337 p (in Korean))
  6. 국토해양부 (2011b) 2010 연안습지 기초조사(기본조사). 국토해양부, 686 p (Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs (2011b) 2010 National survey of coastal wetland (basic investigation). Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs of Republic of Korea, 686 p (in Korean))
  7. 국토해양부 (2012a) 해양생태산업(Marine Eco-Industry)체제 구축방안 최종보고서. 국토해양부, 294 p (Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs (2012a) Building plan for marine eco-industry system-final report. Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs of Republic of Korea, 294 p (in Korean))
  8. 국토해양부 (2012b) 2011 연안습지 기초조사(기본조사). 국토해양부, 792 p (Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs (2012b) 2011 National survey of coastal wetland (basic investigation). Ministry of Land, Transport and Marine Affairs of Republic of Korea, 792 p (in Korean))
  9. 남정호 (2014) 갯벌생태계 복원 법제도 현황 및 개선 방향. In: 해양생태계 복원 심포지엄 Program & Abstract Book, 부경대학교, 부산, 2014년 12월 11일, pp 1-3 (Nam J (2014) Improving legal and institutional mechanisms for restoration of tidal flat ecosystem. Improving legal and institutional mechanisms for restoration of tidal flat ecosystem. In: Proceedings of the symposium on restoration of marine ecosystems, Pukyong National University, Busan, 11 Dec 2014, pp 1-3 (in Korean))
  10. 서경석 (2009) 해양생태계 복원 연구개발 추진 방향: 갯벌을 중심으로. 해양국토 21(4):17-35 (Seo KS (2009) Future research directions for restoration of marine ecosystem: focus on tidal flat. Ocean Territory Research 21(4):17-35 (in Korean))
  11. 손규희 (2014) 갯벌 복원 사업 현황 및 정책 방향. In: 해양생태계 복원 심포지엄 Program & Abstract Book, 부경대학교, 부산, 2014년 12월 11일, pp 4-5 (Son K-H (2014) Policy directions and status for the restoration projects. In: Proceedings of the symposium on restoration of marine ecosystems, Pukyong National University, Busan, 11 Dec 2014, pp 4-5 (in Korean))
  12. 해양수산부 (2013a) 해양생태계 복원기술개발 기획연구 최종보고서. 해양수산부, 해양수산부 R&D 2012-0196, 296 p (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (2013a) A planning study on the research and development of the marine ecosystem restoration. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Republic of Korea 2012-0196, 296 p (in Korean))
  13. 해양수산부 (2013b) 2012 연안습지 기초조사(기본조사). 해양수산부, 683 p (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (2013b) 2012 National survey of coastal wetland (basic investigation). Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Republic of Korea, 683 p (in Korean))
  14. DOI (2011) The department of the Interior's economic contributions, June 21, 2011. US Department of the Interior, Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5043, 146 p
  15. Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith RD, Willis TJ, Kininmonth S, Baker SC, Banks S, Barrett NS, Becerro MA, Bernard AT, Berkhout J, Buxton CD, Campbell SJ, Cooper AT, Davey M, Edgar SC, Forsterra G, Galvan DE, Irigoyen AJ, Kushner DJ, Moura R, Parnell PE, Shears NT, Soler G, Strain EM, Thomson RJ (2014) Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features. Nature 506:216-220 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13022
  16. Elliott M, Burdon D, Hemingway KL, Apitz SE (2007) Estuarine, coastal and marine ecosystem restoration: confusing management and science-a revision of concepts. Estuar Coast Shelf S 74:349-366 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.05.034
  17. Folke C (2007) Social-ecological systems and adaptive governance of the commons. Ecol Res 22:14-15 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-006-0074-0
  18. Koh C-H, Khim JS (2014) The Korean tidal flat of the Yellow Sea: physical setting, ecosystem and management. Ocean Coast Manage 102:398-414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.07.008
  19. Lloyd RA, Lohse KA, Ferre TPA (2013) Influence of road reclamation techniques on forest ecosystem recovery. Front Ecol Environ 11:75-81 https://doi.org/10.1890/120116
  20. Matz-Luck N, Fuchs J (2014) The impact of OSPAR on protected area management beyond national jurisdiction: effective regional cooperation or a network of paper parks? Mar Policy 49:155-166 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.12.001
  21. MEA (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: biodiversity synthesis. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Washington DC, 100 p
  22. NRC (1991) Restoration of aquatic ecosystems: science, technology, and public policy. National Research Council, Washington DC, 485 p
  23. Ostrom E (2007) A diagnostic approach for going beyond panaceas. P Natl Acad Sci USA 104(39):15181-15187 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702288104
  24. Palmer MA, Filoso S (2009) Restoration of ecosystem services for environmental markets. Science 325:575-576 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172976
  25. Patrick D, Griffin MB, Sullivan Jr. RK, Tim P (2012) The economic impacts of ecological restoration in massachusetts. http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/dfg/der/publications Accessed on 6 June 2015
  26. RAE (2011) Jobs & dollars-big returns from coastal habitat restoration. Restore America's Estuaries. http://www.habitat.noaa.gov/pdf/RAE_Restoration_Jobs.pdf Accessed on 2 Nov 2011
  27. Stolton S, Dudley N (1999) A preliminary survey of management status and threats in forest protected areas. Parks 9:27-33
  28. Weinerman M, Buckley M, Reich S (2012) Socioeconomic benefits of the fischer slough restoration project. ECONorthwest, Oregon, 33 p

Cited by

  1. Hard science is essential to restoring soft-sediment intertidal habitats in burgeoning East Asia vol.168, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.136
  2. Public willingness to pay for restoring destroyed tidal flats and utilizing them as ecological resources in Korea vol.142, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.03.018