Korean Journal of Microbiology (미생물학회지)

The Microbiological Society of Korea (한국미생물학회)
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Analysis of gut bacterial diversity and exploration of cellulose-degrading bacteria in xylophagous insects

목질섭식곤충의 장내 세균 다양성 분석 및 섬유소 분해균 탐색

  • Choi, Min-Young (Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) ;
  • Ahn, Jae-Hyung (Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) ;
  • Song, Jaekyeong (Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA)) ;
  • Kim, Seong-Hyun (Applied Entomology Division, NAAS, RDA) ;
  • Bae, Jin-Woo (Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Weon, Hang-Yeon (Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA))
  • 최민영 (국립농업과학원 농업미생물과) ;
  • 안재형 (국립농업과학원 농업미생물과) ;
  • 송재경 (국립농업과학원 농업미생물과) ;
  • 김성현 (국립농업과학원 곤충산업과) ;
  • 배진우 (경희대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 원항연 (국립농업과학원 농업미생물과)
  • Received : 2015.05.15
  • Accepted : 2015.06.02
  • Published : 2015.09.30
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Abstract

In this study, gut bacterial communities in xylophagous insects were analyzed using the pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes for their potential biotechnological applications in lignocelluloses degradation. The result showed that operational taxonomic units (OTUs), species richness and diversity index were higher in the hindgut than in the midgut of all insect samples analyzed. The dominant phyla or classes were Firmicutes (54.0%), Bacteroidetes (14.5%), ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$ (12.3%) in all xylophagous insects except for Rhinotermitidae. The principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the bacterial community structure mostly clustered according to phylogeny of hosts rather than their habitats. In our study, the two carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-degrading isolates which showed the highest enzyme activity were most closely related to Bacillus toyonensis $BCT-7112^T$ and Lactococcus lactis subsp. hordniae $NCDO\;2181^T$, respectively. Cellulolytic enzyme activity analysis showed that ${\beta}-1,4-glucosidase$, ${\beta}-1,4-endoglucanase$ and ${\beta}-1,4-xylanase$ were higher in the hindgut of Cerambycidae. The results demonstrate that xylophagous insect guts harbor diverse gut bacteria, including valuable cellulolytic bacteria, which could be used for various biotechnological applications.

목질 섭식 곤충에 관한 장내 세균 군집의 연구를 이용한 lignocellulose의 분해는 생명 공학적 응용에 있어 큰 잠재력을 갖는다. 본 연구에서 목질 섭식 곤충의 장내 세균 군집은 16S rRNA 유전자를 기반으로 한 파이로시퀀싱 방법을 이용하여 분석되었다. 분석된 모든 곤충에서 중장보다 후장에서 OTU수, 종 풍부도, 다양성 지수가 높았다. 세균 문 또는 강 수준의 다양성을 분석한 결과, 흰개미를 제외한 곤충의 장내 군집에는 Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$가 우점하였다. PCoA (principal coordinates analysis)를 이용하여 세균의 군집 구조를 분석한 결과, 서식지보다는 곤충의 과별로 클러스터링 되는 경향이었다. CMC 분해 활성이 가장 높은 두 균주는 Bacillus toyonensis $BCT-7112^T$와 Lactococcus lactis subsp. hordniae $NCDO\;2181^T$과 유연관계가 높았다. 장 적출물의 섬유소 분해활성 실험 결과, 하늘소 후장에서 ${\beta}-1,4-glucosidase$, ${\beta}-1,4-endoglucanase$, ${\beta}-1,4-xylanase$의 효소활성이 가장 높았다. 본 연구에서는 목질 섭식 곤충의 장내에 다양하고 풍부한 세균이 서식하며, 섬유소를 분해하는 세균이 존재한다는 사실을 확인하였고, 이로부터 다양하고 유용한 섬유소 분해균을 분리할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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